本书主要面向高年级本科生，首先阐述了激光和脉冲光学的基础知识；然后分别介绍短/超短激光脉冲及其产生、操控和测量以及分光镜的应用。本书在第一版的基础上作了全面的修订，增加两章以介绍超快现象中最有前景和发展最快的领域——相干控制和阿秒脉冲。

本书是《国外物理名著系列》之一。本书几乎涉及了近代物理学中飞秒激光脉冲的所有领域，既有阐述学科基本理论的经典名著，也有反映某一学科专题前沿的专著。基础理论方面强调“经典”，选择了那些经得起时间检验、对物理学的发展产生重要影响、现在还不“过时”的著作；反映物理学某一领域进展的方面强调“前沿”和“热点”，根据国内物理学研究发展的实际情况，选择了能够体现相关学科最新进展，对有关方向的科研人员和研究生有重要参考价值的图书。本书还对部分目录标题和练习题进行了少量的翻译和注释，以方便国内读者的阅读和理解。

Preface

Contributors

1、Laser Basics

C.Hirlimann

 1.1 Introduction

 1.2 Stimulated Emission

1.2.1 Absorption

1.2.2 Spontaneous Emission

1.2.3 Stimulated Emission

 1.3 Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission

 1.4 Population Inversion

1.4.1 Two-Level System

1.4.2 Optical Pumping

1.4.3 Light Amplification

 1.5 Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE)

1.5.1 Amplifier Decoupling

 1.6 The Optical Cavity

1 .6.1 The Fabry-Perot Interferometer

1.6.2 Geometric Point of View

1.6.3 Diffractive-Optics Point of View

1.6.4 Stability of a Two-Mirror Cavity

1.6.5 Longitudinal Modes

 1.7 Here Comes the Laser!

 1.8 Conclusion

 1.9 Problems

Further Reading

HistorialReferences

2、Pulsed Optics

C.Hirlimann

 2.1 Introduction

 2.2 Linear Optics

2.2.1 Light

2.2.2 Light Pulses

2.2.3 Relationship Between Duration and Spectral Width

2.2.4 Propagation of a Light Pulse in a Transparent Medium

 2.3 Nonlinear Optics

2.3.1 Second-Order Susceptibility

2.3.2 Third-Order Susceptibility

 2.4 Cascaded Nonlinearities

 2.5 Problems

Further Reading

References

3、Methods for the Generation of Ultrashort Laser Pulses:

Mode-Locking

A.Ducasse,C.Rulliere and B.CouiUaud

 3.1 Introduction

 3.2 Principle of the Mode-Locked Operating Regime

 3.3 General Considerations Concerning Mode-Locking

 3.4 The Active Mode-Locking Method

 3.5 Passive and Hybrid Mode-Locking Methods

 3.6 Self-Locking of the Modes

References

4、Further Methods for the Generation of Ultrashort

Optical Pulses

C.Hirlimann

 4.1 Introduction

4.1.1 Time-Frequency Fourier Relationship

 4.2 Gas Lasers

4.2.1 Mode-Locking

4.2.2 Pulse Compression

 4.3 Dye Lasers

4.3.1 Synchronously Pumped Dye Lasers

4.3.2 Passive Mode-Locking

4.3.3 Really Short Pulses

4.3.4 Hybrid Mode-Locking

4.3.5 Wavelength Tuning

 4.4 Solid-State Lasers

4.4.1 The Neodymium Ion

4.4.2 The Titanium Ion

4.4.3 F-Centers

4.4.4 Soliton Laser

 4.5 Pulse Generation Without Mode-Locking

4.5.1 Distributed Feedback Dye Laser(DFDL)

4.5.2 Traveling-Wave Excitation

4.5.3 Space-Time Selection

4.5.4 Quenched Cavity

 4.6 New Developments

4.6.1 Diode Pumped Lasers

4.6.2 Femtosecond Fibber Lasers

4.6.3 Femtosecond Diode Lasers

4.6.4 New Gain Materials

 4.7 Trends

References

5、Pulsed Semiconductor Lasers

T.Amand and X.Marie

 5.1 Introduction

 5.2 Semiconductor Lasers: Principle of Operation

5.2.1 Semiconductor Physics Background

5.2.2 pn Junction-Homo junction Laser

 5.3 Semiconductor Laser Devices

5.3.1 Double-Heterostructure Laser

5.3.2 Quantum Well Lasers

5.3.3 Strained Quantum Well and Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

 5.4 Semiconductor Lasers in Pulsed-Mode Operation

5.4.1 Gain-Switched Operation

5.4.2 Q-Switched Operation

5.4.3 Mode-Locked Operation

5.4.4 Mode-Locking by Gain Modulation

5.4.5 Mode-Locking by Loss Modulation: Passive Mode-Locking by Absorption Saturation

5.4.6 Prospects for Further Developments

References

6、How to Manipulate and Change the Characteristics of Laser Pulses

F.Salin

 6.1 Introduction

 6.2 Pulse Compression

 6.3 Amplification

 6.4 Wavelength Tunability

6.4.1 Second- and Third-Harmonic Generation

6.4.2 Optical Parametric Generators (OPGs) and Amplifiers (OPAs)

 6.5 Conclusion

 6.6 Problems

References

7、How to Measure the Characteristics of Laser Pulses

L.Sarger and J.Oberle

 7.1 Introduction

 7.2 Energy Measurements

 7.3 Power Measurements

 7.4 Measurement of the Pulse Temporal Profile

7.4.1 Pure Electronic Methods

7.4.2 All-Optical Methods

 7.5 Spectral Measurements

 7.6 Amplitude-Phase Measurements

7.6.1 FROG Technique

7.6.2 Frequency Gating

7.6.3 Spectal Interferometry and SPIDER

References

8、Spectroscopic Methods for Analysis of Sample Dynamics

C.Rulliere,T.Amand and X.Marie

 8.1 Introduction

 8.2 "Pump-Probe" Methods

8.2.1 General Principles

8.2.2 Time-Resolved Absorption in the UV-Visible Spectral Domain

8.2.3 Time-Resolved Absorption in the IR Spectral Domain

8.2.4 Pump-Probe Induced Fluorescence

8.2.5 Probe-Induced Raman Scattering

8.2.6 Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS)

 8.3 Time-Resolved Emission Spectroscopy: Electronic Methods

8.3.1 Broad-Bandwidth Photodetectors

8.3.2 The Streak Camera

8.3.3 "Single"-Photon Counting

 8.4 Time-Resolved Emission Spectroscopy: Optical Methods

8.4.1 The Kerr Shutter ,

8.4.2 Up-conversion Method

 8.5 Time-Resolved Spectroscopy by Excitation Correlation

8.5.1 Experimental Setup ~

8.5.2 Interpretation of the Correlation Signal

8.5.3 Example of Application

 8.6 Transient-Grating Techniques

8.6.1 Principle of the Method: Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing(DFWM)

8.6.2 Example of Application: t-Stilbene Molecule

8.6.3 Experimental Tricks

 8.7 Studies Using the Kerr Effect

8.7.1 Kerr "Ellipsometry" .

 8.8 Laboratory Demonstrations

8.8.1 How to Demonstrate Pump-Probe Experiments Directly ...

8.8.2 How to Observe Generation of a CARS Signal by Eye

8.8.3 How to Build a Kerr Shutter Easily for Demonstration

8.8.4 How to Observe a DFWM Diffraction Pattern Directly

References

9、Coherent Effects in Femtosecond Spectroscopy: A Simple Picture Using the Bloch Equation

M.Joffre

 9.1 Introduction

 9.2 Theoretical Model

9.2.1 Equation of Evolution

9.2.2 Perturbation Theory

9.2.3 Two-Level Model

9.2.4 Induced Polarization

 9.3 Applications to Femtosecond Spectroscopy

9.3.1 First Order

9.3.2 Second Order

9.3.3 Third Order

 9.4 Multidimensional Spectroscopy

 9.5 Conclusion

 9.6 Problems

References

10、Terahertz Femtosecond Pulses

A.Bonvalet and M.Joffre

 10.1 Introduction

 10.2 Generation of Terahertz Pulses

10.2.1 Photoconductive Switching

10.2.2 Optical Rectification in a Nonlinear Medium

 10.3 Measurement of Terahertz Pulses

10.3.1 Fourier Transform Spectroscopy

10.3.2 Photoconductive Sampling

10.3.3 Free-Space Electro-Optic Sampling

 10.4 Some Experimental Results

 10.5 Time-Domain Terahertz Spectroscopy

 10.6 Conclusion

 10.7 Problems

References

11、Coherent Control in Atoms,Molecules and Solids

T.Amand,V.Blancher,B.Girard and X.Marie

 11.1 Introduction

 11.2 Coherent Control in the Frequency Domain

 11.3 Temporal Coherent Control

11.3.1 Principles of Temporal Coherent Control

11.3.2 Temporal Coherent Control in Solid State Physics

 11.4 Coherent Control with Shaped Laser Pulses

11.4.1 Generation of Chirped or Shaped Laser Pulses

11.4.2 Coherent Control with Chirped Laser Pulses

11.4.3 Coherent Control with Shaped Laser Pulses

 11.5 Coherent Control in Strong Field

 11.6 Conclusion

References

12、Attosecond Pulses

E.Constant and E.Mevel

 12.1 Introduction

 12.2 High-Order Harmonic Generation: A Coherent,Short-Pulse XUV Source

 12.3 Semiclassical Picture of HHG

12.3.1 Atomic Ionization in the Tunnel Domain

12.3.2 Electronic Motion in an Electric Field

12.3.3 Semiclassical View of HHG

 12.4 High-Order Harmonic Generation as an Attosecond Pulse Source

12.4.1 Emission of an Isolated Attosecond Pulse

 12.5 Techniques for Measurement of Attosecond Pulses

12.5.1 Cross Correlation

12.5.2 Laser Streaking

12.5.3 Autocorrelation

12.5.4 XUV-induced Nonlinear Processes

12.5.5 Splitting,Delay Control and Recombination of Attosecond Pulses

 12.6 Applications of Attosecond Pulses

 12.7 Conclusion

References

Index