PART Ⅻ
THE SPINE
Spinal Anatomy and Surgical Approaches
Fractures Dislocations and
Fracture-Dislocations of the Spine
Arthrodesis of the Spine
Pediatric Cervical Spine
Scoliosis and Kyphosis
Lower Back Pain and Disorders of
IntervertebraI Discs
Infections of the Spine
Other Disorders of the Spine
List of Techniques
Spinal Anatomy and Surgical Approaches
Anterior Transoral Approach(Spetzler)
Anterior Retropharyngeal Approach(McAfee et a1.)
Subtotal Maxillectomy(Cocke et a1.)
Extended Maxillotomy,1535
Anterior Approach C3 to C7(Southwick and Robinson)
Anterolateral Approach to C2 to C7(Bruneau et a1.
Chibbaro et a1.)
Low Anterior Cervical Approach
High Transthoracic Approach
Transsternal Approach
Modified Anterior Approach to Cervicothoracic Junction
(Darling et a1.)
Anterior Approach to the Cervicothoracic Junction Without
Sternotomy(Pointillart et a1.)
Anterior Approach to the Thoracic Spine
Video.Assisted Thoracic Surgery(Mack et a1.)
Anterior Approach to the Thoracolumbar Junction
Anterior Retroperitoneal Approach L1 to L5
Percutaneous Lateral Approach L1 to L4-5(Ozgur et a1.)
Anterior Transperitoneal Approach L5 tO S1
Video—Assisted Lumbar Surgery(Onimus et a1.)
Posterior Approach to the Cervical Spine Occiput to C2
Posterior Approach to the Cervical Spine C3 to C7
Posterior Approach to the Thoracic Spine T1 to T12
Costotransversectom
Posterior Approach to the Lumbar Spine L1 to L5
Paraspinal Approach to the Lumbar Spine(Wiltse and
Spencer)
Posterior Approach to the Lumbosacral Spine L1 to Sacrum
(Wagoner)
Posterior Approach to the Sacrum and Sacroiliac Joint
(Ebraheim et a1.)
Fractures Dislocations and Fracture Dislocations of the Spine
Application of Gardner.Wells Tongs
Stretch Test
Halo Vest Application
OcciDitocervical Fusion Using Modular Plate and Rod Construct
Segmental Fixation with Occipital Plating C1 Lateral Mass Screw,
C2 Isthmic(Pars)Screws and Lateral Mass Fixation
OcciDitocervical Fusion Using Wires and Bone Graft(Wertheim
and Bohlman)
Posterior C1.C2 Fusion Using Rod and Screw Construct with C1
Lateral Mass Screws(Harms)
Posterior C1.C2 Fusion Using the Modified Gallie Posterior Wiring
Technique(Gallie Modified)
Anterior Odontoid Screw Fixation(Etter)
Posterior C1.C2 Transarticular Screws(Magerl and Seemann)
Posterior C1一C2 Fusion with C2 Translaminar Screws
(Wright)
Posterior C1.C2 Wiring(Brooks and Jenkins)
Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion with Locking Plate
Anterior Cervical Corpectomy and Fusion with Anterior Locking
Plate
Posterior Subaxial Fixation and Fusion(Magerl)
qhoracic and Lumbar Segmental Fixation with Pedicle
Screws
Anterior Plating
Lumbopelvic Fixation(Triangular Osteosynthesis)
(Shildhauer)
Arthrodesis of the Spine
Smith.Robinson Anterior Cervical Fusion(Robinson et a1.)
Anterior Occipitocervical Arthrodesis by Extrapharyngeal Exposure
fDe Andrade and MacNab)
Fibular Strut Graft in Cervical Spine Arthrodesis with Corpectomy
(Whitecloud and Larocca)
Anterior Arthrodesis of the Thoracic Spine
Anterior Interbody Fusion of the Lumbar Spine
(Goldner et a1.)
Percutaneous Anterior Lumbar Arthrodesis--Lateral Approach to
L1 to L4—5
Hibbs Fusion(Hibbs as Described by Howorth)
Posterolateral Lumbar Fusion(Watkins)
Intertransverse Lumbar Fusion(Adkins)
Minimally Invasive Posterior Lumbar Fusion(Gardocki)
Pseudarthrosis Repair(Ralston and Thompson)
Pediatric Cervical Spine
Posterior Atlantoaxial Fusion(Gallie)
Posterior Atlantoaxial Fusion Using Laminar Wiring(Brooks
and Ienkins)
Translaminar Screw Fixation Of C2
0ccipitocervical Fusion
0cciDitocervical Fusion Passing Wires Through rIlable of Skull
(Wertheim and Bohlman)
0cciDitocervical Fusion Without Internal Fixation
(Koop et a1.)
Occipitocervical Fusion Using Crossed Wiring
(Dormans et a1.)
Occipitocervical Fusion Using Contoured Rod and Segmental Rod
Fixation
Occipitocervical Fusion Usinfi a Contoured Occipital Plate and
Screw Fixation
Transoral Approach(Fang and Ong)
Transoral Mandible—Splitting and Tongue—Splitting Approach
(Hall Denis and Murray)
Lateral Retropharyngeal Approach(Whitesides and Kelly)
Anterior Retropharyngeal Approach(McAfee et a1.)
Sternal—Splitting Approach(Mulpuri et a1.)
Application of Halo Device(Mubarak et a1.)
Posterior Fusion of C3-7
Posterior Fusion of C3 to C7 Using -Gauge Wire and Threaded
Kirschner Wires(Hall)
Posterior Fusion with Lateral Mass Screw Fixation
(Roy—Camille)
Posterior Fusion with Lateral Mass Screw Fixation
Rib Resection fBonola).1683
Posterior Spinal Fusion for Cervical Kyphosis Through a Lateral
Approach(Sakaura et a1.)
Scoliosis and Kyphosis
Casting for Idiopathic Scoliosis
Dual Growing Rod Instrumentation Without Fusion
Growing Rod Attachment Using Rib Anchors(Sankar and
Skaggs)
Intervertebral Stapling
Underarm Casts
Posterior Approach
Facet Fusion(Moe)
Facet Fusion fHall)
Autogenous Iliac Crest Bone Graft
Pedicle Hook Implantation
Transverse Process Hook Implantation
Lamina Hook Implantation
Instrumentation Sequence in Typical Lenke A Curve
Sublaminar Wires
Sublaminar Cables
Thoracic Pedicle Screw Insertion Techniques
Halo—Gravity Traction(Sponseller and Takenaga)
Temporary Distraction Rod(Buchowski et a1.)
Anterior Release(Letko et a1.)
Osteotomy in Complex Spinal Deformity(Ponte Smith—Petersen
Osteotomy)
Posterior Thoracic Vertebral Column Resection
(Powers et a1.)
Thoracoplasty(Betz)
Osteotomy of the Ribs(Mann et a1.)
Thoracoabdominal Approach
Lumbar Extraperitoneal Approach
Disc Excision
Anterior Instrumentation of a Thoracolumbar Curve with CD
Horizon Legacy Dual.Rod Instrumentation
Anterior"Ihoracoplasty(Shufflebarger)
Video—Assisted Thoracoscopic Discectomy(Crawford)
CD Horizon Eclipse Spinal Instrumentation fPicettil
Luque Rod Instrumentation and Sublaminar Wires Without Pelvic
Fixation
Sacropelvic Fixation(McCarthv)
Galveston Sacropelvic Fixation(Allen and Ferguson)
Unit Rod Instrumentation with Pelvic Fixation
Iliac Fixation with Iliac Screws
s2 Iliac Lumbopelvic Screw Placement(Sponseller)
Transpedicular Convex Anterior Hemiepiphysiodesis and Posterior
Arthrodesis(King)
Convex Anterior and Posterior Hemiepiphysiodeses and Fusion
(Winter)
Hamivertebra Excision(Hedequist and Emans)
Transpedicular Eggshell Osteotomies with Frameless Stereotactic
Guidance(MiMes et a1.)
Expansion Thoracoplasty(Campbell)
Anterior Release and Fusion
Posterior Multiple—Hook and Screw Segmental Instrumentation
(Crandall)
Posterior Column Shortening Procedure for Scheuermann Kyphosis
(Ponte)
Anterior Osteotomy and Fusion(Winter et a1.)
Anterior Cord Decompression and Fusion(Winter and
Lonstein)
Anterior Vascular Rib Bone Grafting(Bradford)
Spondylolysis Repair(Kakiuchi)
Modified Scott Repair Technique(Van Dam)
Posterolateral Fusion and Pedicle Screw Fixation rLenke and
Bridwell)
Instrumented Reduction fCrandall)
Partial Reduction and Interbody Fusion(Smith et a1.)
One.Stage Decompression and Posterolateral Interbody Fusion
(Bohlman and Cook)
Uninstrumented Circumferential{n Situ Fusion
(Helenius et a1.)
L5 Vertebrectomy(Gaines)
Posterior Instrumentation and Fusion
Vertebral Excision and Reduction of Kyphosis
(Lindseth and Seizer)
Open Biopsy of Thoracic Vertebra(Michele and Krueger)
Lower Back Pain and Disorders of Intervertebral Discs
Myelography
Interlaminar Cervical Epidural Injection
Interlaminar Thoracic Epidural Injection
Interlaminar Lumbar Epidural Injection
Transforaminal Lumbar and Sacral Epidural Injection
Caudal Sacral Epidural Injection
Cervical Medial Branch Block Injection
Lumbar Intraarticular Injection
Lumbar Medial Branch Block Injection
Sacroiliac Toint Injection
Lumbar Discography(Falc01
Thoracic Discography(Falco)
Cervical Discography fFalco)
Removal of Posterolateral Herniations by Posterior Approach
(Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy)
Minimally Invasive Posterior Cervica Foraminotomy with Tubular
Distractors(Gala O’T00le Voyadzis and Fessler)
Full—Endoscopic Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy
(Ruetten et a1.)
Microsurgical Anterior Cervical Foraminotomy
(1ho Iohnson et a1.)
Thoracic Costotransversectom~1932
Thoracic Discectomy--Anterior Approach
Endoscopic Thoracic Discectomy fRosenthal et a1.)
Minimally Invasive Thoracic Discectomy
Micro Lumbar Disc Excision(Williams Modified)
Ruptured Lumbar Disc Excision
Dural Repair Augmented with Fibrin Glue
Repeat Lumbar Disc Excision
Coccygeal Injection
Infections of the Spine
Drainage of a Retropharyngeal Abscess
Drainage of an Abscess of the Posterior Triangle of the Neck
Alternative APproach for Drainage of a Retropharyngeal
Abscess
Costotransversectomy
Costotransversectomy(Seddon)
Drainage of Paravertebral Abscess
Drainage Through the Petit Triangle
Drainage by Lateral Incision
Drainage bv Anterior Incision
Coccygectomy for Drainage of a Pelvic Abscess(Lougheed and
White)
Radical D6bridement and Arthrodesis fHodgson et a1.)
Dorsolateral Approach to the Dorsal Spine fRoaf,Kirkaldy-Wi11is
and Cathro)
Anterolateral Decompression(Lateral Rhachotomy)
(Capener)
Anterolateral Decompression(Lateral Rhachotomy)
(Seddon)
Other Disorders of the Spine
Midline Decompression(Neural Arch Resection)
Spinous Process Osteotomy(Decompression)
(Weiner et a1.)
Microdecompression(McCulloch)
Laminectomy(Gill et a1.1
Posterolateral in Situ Fusion(Wiltse Modified)
Modified Bilateral Posterolateral Fusion.2015
Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Spondvlolisthesis Reduction fSpeed)
Paramedian Retroperitoneal Approach(Lehmer)
Combined Anterior and Posterior Fusion(Boachie—Adjei and
Bradford)
Anterior Decompression
Costotransversectom
Posterolateral Decompression