《天体物理学》由Dan Maoza（马泽）著，主要内容：This textbook is based on the one-semester course "Introduction to Astrophysics," taken by third-year physics students at Tel-Aviv University, which I taught several times in the years 2000-2005. My objective in writing this book is to provide an introductory astronomy text that is suited for university students majoring in physical science fields (physics, astronomy, chemistry, engineering, etc.), rather than for a wider audience, for which many astronomy textbooks already exist. I have tried to cover a large and representative fraction of the main elements of modem astrophysics, including some topics at the forefront of current research. At the same time, I have made an effort to keep this book concise.

Preface

Constants and Units

1 Introduction

1.1 Observational Techniques

Problems

2 Stars: Basic Observations

2.1 Review of Blackbody Radiation

2.2 Measurement of Stellar Parameters

2.3 The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram

Problems

3 Stellar Physics

3.1 Hydrostatic Equilibrium and the Virial Theorem

3.2 Mass Continuity

3.3 Radiative Energy Transport

3.4 Energy Conservation

3.5 The Equations of Stellar Structure

3.6 The Equation of State

3.7 Opacity

3.8 Scaling Relations on the Main Sequence

3.9 Nuclear Energy Production

3.10 Nuclear Reaction Rates

3.11 Solution of the Equations of Stellar Structure

3.12 Convection

Problems

4 Stellar Evolution and Stellar Remnants

4.1 SteUar Evolution

4.2 White Dwarfs

4.3 Supernovae and Neutron Stars

4.4 Pulsars and Supernova Remnants

4.5 Black Holes

4.6 Interacting Binaries

Problems

Star Formation, H. Regions, and the Interstellar Medium

5.1 Cloud Collapse and Star Formation

5.2 H II Regions

S.3 Components of the Interstellar Medium

5.4 Dynamics of Star-forming Regions

Problems

6 The Milky Way and Other Galaxies

6.1 Structure of the Milky Way

6.2 Galaxy Demographics

6.3 Active Galactic Nuclei and Quasars

6.4 Groups and Clusters of Galaxies

Problems

7 Cosmology: Basic Observations

7.1 The Olbers Paradox

7.2 Extragalactic Distances

7.3 Hubble's Law

7.4 Age of the Universe from Cosmic Clocks

7.5 Isotropy of the Universe

Problems

Big Bang Cosmology

8.1 The Friedmann-Robertson-Walker Metric

8.2 The Friedmann Equations

8.3 History and Future of the Universe

8.4 A Newtonian Derivation of the Friedmann Equations

8.5 Dark Energy and the Accelerating Universe

Problems

Tests and Probes of Big Bang Cosmology

9.1 Cosmological Redshift and Hubble's Law

9.2 The Cosmic Microwave Background

9.3 Anisotropy of the Microwave Background

9.4 Nucleosynthesis of the Light Elements

9.5 Quasars and Other Distant Sources as Cosmological Probes

Problems

Appendix. Recommended Reading and Websites

Index