Part I Preliminaries in a Nutshell
1 Gravitation．
1．1 The Curved Spacetime
1．2 The Curved Spacetime：an Example
1．3 TheEinstein Equation
2 Matter Components
2. 1 The StressTensor
2．2 Perfect Fluid
2. 3 Observers and Energy Conditions
2．4 TheVacuum
2．5 Particles．
2．6 Homogeneous Field Configurations
3 Cosmology
3．1 The Cosmological Principle
3．2 Newtonian Cosmology
3．3 FRW Cosmology
Part II Theoretical Aspects
4 Introduction to Dark Energy
4．1 The Cosmological Constant Reloaded
4．2 TheTheoretical ChallengeReferences
5 Weinberg's Classification
5.1 Supersymmetry
5.2 Anthropic Principle
5.3 Tuning Mechanism
5.4 Modifying Gravity
5.5 Quantum Cosmology
References
6 Symmetry
6.1 Supersymmetry in 2{1 Dimensions
6.2 t HooftNobhenhuis Symmetry
6.3 KaplanSundrum Symmetry
6.4 Symmetry of Reversing Sign of the Metric
6.5 Sealing Invariance in D > 4
References
7 Anthropic Principle
7.1 BoussoPolchinski Scenario
7.2 KKLT Scenario
7.3 Populating the Landscape and Anthropic Interpretations.
References
8 Tuning Mechanisms
8.1 Brane versus Bulk Mechanism
8.2 Black Hole SelfAdjustment
References
9 Modified Gravity
9.1 f(R) Models
9.2 MOND and TeVeS Theories
9.3 DGP Model
9.4 Other Modified Gravity Theories
References
10 Quantum Cosmology
10.1 Cosmological Constant Seesaw
10.2 Wave Function through the Landscape
References
11 Holographic Principle
11.1 The Holographic Principle
11.2 Holographic Dark Energy
11.3 Complementary Motivations
11.4 Agegraphic Dark Energy
11.5 Ricci Dark Energy
References
12 BackReaction
12.1 SubHubble Inhomogeneities
12.2 SuperHubble Inhomogeneities
References
13 Phenomenological Models
13.1 Quintessence, Phantom and Quintom
13.2 KEssense, Custuton, Braiding and Ghost Condensation
13.3 Higher Spin Fields
13.4 Chaplygin Gas and Viscous Fluid
13.5 Particle Physics Models
13.6 Dark Energy Perturbations
References
14 The Theoretical Challenge Revisited
References
Part III Observational Aspects
15 Basis of Statistics
15.1 X2 Analysis
15.2 Algorithms for the BestFit Analysis
15.3 The Markov Chain Monte Carlo Algorithm
15.4 The Fisher Matrix Techniques
References
16 Cosmic Probes of Dark Energy
16.1 Type Ia Supernovae
16.2 Cosmic Microwave Background
16.3 Baryon Acoustic Oscillations
16.4 Weak Lensing
16.5 Galaxy Clusters
16.6 GammaPay Burst
16.7 XRay Observations
16.8 Hubble Parameter Measurements
16.9 Cosmic Age Tests
16.10 Growth Factor
16.11 Other Cosmological Probes
References
17 Dark Energy Projects
17.1 OnGoing Projects
17.2 IntermediateScale, NearFuture Projects
17.3 LargerScale, LongerTerm Future Projects
References
18 Observational Constraints on Specific Theoretical Models
18.1 Scalar Field Models
18.2 Chaplygin Gas Models
18.3 Holographic Dark Energy Models
18.4 DvaliGabadadzePorrati Model
18.5 f(R) Models
18.6 Other Modified Gravity Models
18.7 Inhomogeneous LTB and BackReartion Models
18.8 Comparison of Dark Energy Models
References
19 Dark Energy Reconstructions from Observational Data
19.1 Specific Ansatz
19.2 Binned Parametrization
19.3 Polynomial Fitting
19.4 Gaussian Process Modeling
References
Index