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书名 中微子(从粒子物理学到天文学和宇宙学)(英文版)(精)/中国科技进展丛书
分类 科学技术-自然科学-物理
作者 邢志忠//周顺
出版社 浙江大学出版社
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简介
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Neutrinos in Particle Physics, Astronomy and Cosmology provides a comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to neutrino physics,neutrino astronomy and neutrino cosmology. The intrinsic properties and fundamental interactions of neutrinos are described, as is the phenomenology of lepton flavor mixing, seesaw mechanisms and neutrino oscillations. The cosmic neutrino background, stellar neutrinos, supernova neutrinos and ultrahigh-energy cosmic neutrinos, together with the cosmological matter-antimatter asymmetry and other roles of massive neutrinos in cosmology, are discussed in detail. This book is intended for researchers and graduate students in the fields of particle physics, particle astrophysics and cosmology.

《中微子(从粒子物理学到天文学和宇宙学)(英文版)》由邢志忠、周顺编著。

目录

1 Neutrinos: Past, Present and Future

 1.1 Neutrinos in Nuclear and Particle Physics

1.1.1 Pauli's Neutrino Hypothesis

1.1.2 Weak Interactions and Neutrinos

1.1.3 Discoveries of Neutrinos

 1.2 Neutrinos in Astronomy and Cosmology

1.2.1 Neutrinos from Stars and Supernovae

1.2.2 High-energy Cosmic Neutrinos

1.2.3 Cosmic Neutrino Background

 1.3 Knowledge and Questions on Neutrinos

1.3.1 Present Knowledge on Neutrinos

1.3.2 Open Questions on Neutrinos

 References

2 Neutrinos within the Standard Model

 2.1 Fundamentals of the Standard Model

2.1.1 Gauge Symmetries

2.1.2 Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking

2.1.3 Renormalizability

2.1.4 The Standard Electroweak Model

 2.2 Standard Interactions of Neutrinos

2.2.1 Neutrino-electron Scattering

2.2.2 Neutrino-neutrino Scattering

2.2.3 Neutrino-nucleon Interactions

 2.3 Neutrino Propagation in a Medium

2.3.1 Coherent Forward Scattering

2.3.2 The Effective Potential

2.3.3 Neutrino Self-energy Approach

 References

3  Neutrinos beyond the Standard Model

 3.1 Experimental Evidence for Neutrino Masses

3.1.1 Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillations

3.1.2 Accelerator Neutrino Oscillations

3.1.3 Solar Neutrino Oscillations

3.1.4 Reactor Neutrino Oscillations

3.1.5 Implications of Experimental Data

 3.2 Dirac and Majorana Neutrino Mass Terms

3.2.1 Dirac Masses and Lepton Number Conservation

3.2.2 Majorana Masses and Lepton Number Violation

3.2.3 Hybrid Mass Terms and Seesaw Mechanisms

 3.3 C, P and T Properties of Fermion Fields

3.3.1 C, P and T Transformations of Spinor Bilinears

3.3.2 CP Violation in Quark and Lepton Sectors

 3.4 Electromagnetic Properties of Massive Neutrinos

3.4.1 Electromagnetic Form Factors

3.4.2 Magnetic and Electric Dipole Moments

3.4.3 Radiative Decays of Massive Neutrinos

3.4.4 Electromagnetic Neutrino-electron Scattering

 3.5 Lepton Flavor Mixing and CP Violation

3.5.1 Classification of Different Parametrizations

3.5.2 Democratic and Tri-bimaximal Mixing Patterns

3.5.3 Rephasing Invariants and Unitarity Triangles

3.5.4 Flavor Problems in Particle Physics

 3.6 Running Behaviors of Neutrino Mass Parameters

3.6.1 One-loop Renormalization-group Equations

3.6.2 Evolution of Majorana Neutrino Mass Parameters

3.6.3 Evolution of Dirac Neutrino Mass Parameters

 References

4  Seesaw Mechanisms of Neutrino Masses

 4.1 How to Generate Tiny Neutrino Masses

4.1.1 Non-seesaw Mechanisms

4.1.2 Seesaw Mechanisms

4.1.3 The Weinberg Operator

 4.2 On the Scales of Seesaw Mechanisms

4.2.1 Seesaw-induced Hierarchy Problem

4.2.2 Seesaw-induced Naturalness Problem

 4.3 Seesaw Mechanisms at the TeV Scale

4.3.1 Type-I Seesaw Mechanism

4.3.2 Type-II Seesaw Mechanism

4.3.3 Type-(I+II) Seesaw Mechanism

4.3.4 Type-III Seesaw Mechanism

4.3.5 Inverse Seesaw Mechanism

 4.4 Multiple Seesaw Mechanisms

4.4.1 Two Classes of Multiple Seesaw Mechanisms

4.4.2 Charged-current Interactions

 4.5 Non-unitary Neutrino Mixing and CP Violation

4.5.1 Jarlskog Invariants of CP Violation

4.5.2 Mixing Angles and CP-violating Phases

 References

5 Phenomenology of Neutrino Oscillations

 5.1 Neutrino Oscillations and Matter Effects

5.1.1 Neutrino Oscillations in Vacuum

5.1.2 Adiabatic Neutrino Oscillations in Matter

5.1.3 Non-adiabatic Neutrino Oscillations in Matter

5.1.4 The 3 ~ 3 Neutrino Mixing Matrix in Matter

5.1.5 Leptonic Unitarity Triangles in Matter

 5.2 Neutrino Oscillations and Quantum Coherence

5.2.1 A Paradox of Neutrino Oscillations

5.2.2 The Wave-packet Approach

5.2.3 Coherence of Cosmic Neutrinos

 5.3 Density Matrix Formulation

5.3.1 Two-flavor Neutrino Oscillations

5.3.2 Three-flavor Neutrino Oscillations

5.3.3 Non-linear Evolution Equations

 5.4 Future Long-baseline Neutrino Oscillation Facilities

5.4.1 Prospects of Accelerator Neutrino Experiments

5.4.2 Prospects of Reactor Antineutrino Experiments

 References

6 Neutrinos from Stars

 6.1 Stellar Evolution in a Nutshell

6.1.1 Distance, Luminosity and Mass

6.1.2 Basic Equations of Stellar Evolution

6.1.3 Energy Sources of Stars

6.1.4 The Mass-Luminosity Relation

 6.2 Neutrinos from the Sun

6.2.1 The Standard Solar Model

6.2.2 Proton-proton Chain and CNO Cycle

6.2.3 Solar Neutrino Fluxes

 6.3 Experimental Detection of Solar Neutrinos

6.3.1 Radiochemical Methods

6.3.2 Water Cherenkov Detectors

6.3.3 Future Solar Neutrino Experiments

 6.4 Solar Neutrino Oscillations

6.4.1 The Solar Neutrino Problem

6.4.2 The MSW Matter Effects

6.4.3 Constraints on Neutrino Properties

 References

7 Neutrinos from Supernovae

 7.1 Stellar Core Collapses and Supernova Neutrinos

7.1.1 Degenerate Stars

7.1.2 Core-collapse Supernovae

7.1.3 Supernova Neutrinos

 7.2 Lessons from the Supernova 1987A

7.2.1 Discoveries of the Neutrino Burst

7.2.2 Constraints on Neutrino Properties

7.2.3 The Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background

7.2.4 Future Supernova Neutrino Experiments

 7.3 Matter Effects on Supernova Neutrinos

7.3.1 Neutrino Fluxes and Energy Spectra

7.3.2 Matter Effects in the Supernova

7.3.3 Matter Effects in the Earth

 7.4 Collective Neutrino Flavor Conversions

7.4.1 Equations of Motion

7.4.2 Synchronized Neutrino Oscillations

7.4.3 Bipolar Flavor Conversions

7.4.4 Neutrino Spectral Splits

7.4.5 Effects of Three Neutrino Flavors

 References

8 Ultrahigh-energy Cosmic Neutrinos

 8.1 Possible Sources of UHE Cosmic Neutrinos

8.1.1 The GZK Cutoff and UHE Neutrinos

8.1.2 Astrophysical Sources of UHE Neutrinos

8.1.3 Top-down Models and UHE Neutrinos

 8.2 Detection of UHE Cosmic Neutrinos

8.2.1 A km3-scale UHE Neutrino Telescope

8.2.2 Identification of UHE Neutrino Flavors

8.2.3 Other Ways to Detect UHE Neutrinos

 8.3 Flavor Distribution of UHE Cosmic Neutrinos

8.3.1 Flavor Issues of UHE Neutrinos

8.3.2 Flavor Effects in New Physics Scenarios

 8.4 Neutrinos and Multi-messenger Astronomy

8.4.1 Cosmic Neutrinos and Z-bursts

8.4.2 Cosmic Neutrinos and Gamma Rays

8.4.3 Neutrinos and Gravitational Waves

 References

9 Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and Relic Neutrinos

 9.1 Neutrinos in the Early Universe

9.1.1 Hubble's Law and the Friedmann Equations

9.1.2 The Energy Density of the Universe

9.1.3 The Age and Radius of the Universe

9.1.4 Radiation in the Early Universe

9.1.5 Neutrino Decoupling

 9.2 Big Bang Nucleosynthesis

9.2.1 The Neutron-to-proton Ratio

9.2.2 Synthesis of the Light Nuclei

9.2.3 The Baryon Density and Neutrino Species

 9.3 Possible Ways to Detect Relic Neutrinos

9.3.1 Cosmic Neutrino Background

9.3.2 Direct Detection of Relic Neutrinos

 References

10 Neutrinos and Cosmological Structures

 10.1 The Cosmic Microwave Background

10.1.1 Matter-radiation Equality

10.1.2 Formation of the CMB

10.1.3 Anisotropies of the CMB

10.1.4 Neutrino Species and Masses

 10.2 Large-scale Structures and Dark Matter

10.2.1 Inflation and Density Fluctuations

10.2.2 LSS and Dark Matter

10.2.3 Constraints on Neutrino Masses

10.2.4 Sterile Neutrinos as Dark Matter

 References

11 Cosmological Matter-antimatter Asymmetry

 11.1 Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe

11.1.1 Constraints from Antimatter Searches

11.1.2 Observations from the CMB and BBN

 11.2 Typical Mechanisms of Baryogenesis

11.2.1 Sakharov Conditions

11.2.2 Electroweak Baryogenesis

11.2.3 GUT Baryogenesis

11.2.4 The Affieck-Dine Mechanism

11.2.5 Leptogenesis

 11.3 Baryogenesis via Leptogenesis

11.3.1 Thermal or Non-thermal Production

11.3.2 CP-violating Asymmetries

11.3.3 Boltzmann Equations

11.3.4 Baryon Number Asymmetry

 11.4 Recent Developments in Leptogenesis

11.4.1 Triplet Leptogenesis

11.4.2 Resonant Leptogenesis

11.4.3 Soft Leptogenesis

11.4.4 Flavor Effects

 References

Index

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