Chapter 1 Introduction/1
1.1 Motivation of the study/2
1.2 Status quo of metaphor study on the discoursal level/4
1.3 Contents of the study/6
1.4 Critical concepts of the study/8
1.5 Significance of the study/9
1.6 Methods and procedures of the study / 11
1.7 Framework of the book/ 13
1.8 Underlying ideas of the book/ 15
Chapter 2 Overview on Metaphor/20
2.1 What is metaphor/20
2.1.1 Evolution of metaphor theories in the west/21
2.1.2 A definition of metaphor/27
2.2 Aptness of metaphor/28
2.3 Language forms of metaphor/31
2.4 Classifications of metaphor/38
2.4.1 Classification under the cognitive theory of metaphor/38
2.4.2 Classification according to the novelty of metaphor/43
2.5 Functions of metaphor/ 46
2.5.1 Cognitive. fuoction/46
2.5.2 Linguistic function/49
2.5.3 Communicative function/51
2.5.4 Meaning extensiorrand creation function/51
2.6 Differences between metaphor and other means of transference / 53
Chapter 3 Mapping-Working Mechanism of Metaphor/58
3.1 Contents of metaphorical mapping/59
3.2 Patterns of metaphorical mapping/62
3.3 Cognitive forces of metaphorical mapping/64
3.4 Characteristics of metaphorical mapping/69
Chapter 4 Patterns of Metaphorical Discourse/75
4.1 A definition of metaphorical discourse/75
4.2 Implicit and explicit metaphorical discourses / 84
Chapter 5 Organizational Patterns of Metaphor in Discourse/88
5.1 Organizational patterns of metaphor/88
5.2 Illustrations/94
Chapter 6 Metaphoric Mappings and Stylistic Functions/105
6.1 Metaphorical mappings and description/ 106
6.2 Metaphorical mappings and exposition/111
6.3 Metaphorical mappings and argumentation/ 114
6.4 Metaphorical mappings and narration/ 118
Chapter 7 Metaphorical Construction of Narration/120
7.1 A brief introduction of Babylon Revisited / 121
7.2 Metaphorical mappings of PARIS IS BABYLON/ 122
7.3 Cognitive forces of the mappings/ 127
7.4 Construction of the novel via PARIS IS BABYLON/ 129
7.4.1 Construction of the setti~_g/129
7.4.2 Construction of the plot/131
7.4.3 Construction of characters/134
7.4.4 Construction oJf the theme/138
7.4.5 Babylon as a convenient cognitive tool/143
Chapter 8 Speech Forces of Metaphor/145
8.1 Metaphor as speech act/ 145
8.1.1 Illocutionary forces of metaphor/146
8.1.2 Metaphor: greater perlocutionary forces/151
8.2 X-phemistic colors of metaphor/ 154
8.2.1 Metaphor as euphemistic device/154
8.2.2 Metaphor as dysphemistic device/156
8.3.3 Metaphor for bantering use/158
Chapter 9 A Multi-dimensional Analysis of Metaphorical Discourse/162
9.1 Underlying factors influencing metaphoricalunderstanding / 163
9.1.1 Metaphorical parameters/163
9. 1.2 The receiver elements/166
9.1. 3 The principles of relevance/167
9.2 Dimensions of discourse analysis / 169
9.3 A probe into a multi-dimensional metaphorical discourse analysis/ 171
9.4 Case study/ 179
Chapter 10 Implications of Metaphor Study for Writing and Speaking/190
10.1 Advantageous status of metaphor in China/ 190
10.1.1 Indispensability of metaphor in writing and speaking/191
10.1.2 Functions of metaphor in writing and speaking/194
10.1.3 Classifications of metaphor/196
10.1.4 China: A fertile soil for metaphor/198
10.1.5 Insights into metaphor after 1949 in China/200
10.2 Significance of metaphor in English education in China/202
10.3 Suggestions to improve English writing and speaking/204
10.3.1 Attractive title/205
10.3.2 Convenient organization/207
10.3.3 Effective expression/209
Chapter 11 Issues about Metaphor Understanding/213
11.1 Direct vs.indirect understanding/213
11.2 More or less processing effort? / 216
11.3. Metaphorical implicatures: exhaustible vs inexhaustible / 223
Chapter 12 Conclusion/227
12.1 Main findings/228
12.2 Limitations of the study and a plan fbr further study/236
Bibliography/239