《英语语言学导论（第四版）》是一本英语专业核心课“语言学导论”的推荐教材。本书旨在引导读者掌握现代语言学的基本概念、基本理论、基本方法，引发学生对语言本质、语言学习规律、跨文化交际、语言教学原理的深入思考，培养学生初步的语言研究能力。新时代要求语言学导论课程在完成立德树人根本任务中更好地发挥其独特的育人作用。在这样的背景下，我们组织本书第四版的修订工作，使其更好地服务于新时代英语专业人才培养需要。第四版的修订内容主要有三方面。1．按新文科建设和课程思政要求认真审读全书内容，修改部分文字表述，使其更好地发挥价值观引领和思辨能力提升的作用。2．跟踪语言学研究新进展，适当增加新内容。3．为更好地服务语言学课程教学，制作与本教材配套的教学课件。

Chapter 1 Language and Linguistics
1.1 The multifaceted nature of language
1.2 Features of language
1.3 Functions of language
1.4 Types of language
1.4.1 Natural languages and artificial languages
1.4.2 Genetic classification of natural languages
1.4.3 Typological classification of natural languages
1.5 The evolution of language
1.6 Linguistics: the scientific study of language
1.6.1 Linguistics as a science
1.6.2 Branches of linguistics
1.6.3 Schools of linguistics
1.6.4 Features of modem linguistics
1.6.5 The motive of linguistic praxis
1.6.6 Methodological perspectives of linguistics
Chapter 2 Phonetics: The Study of Speech Sounds
2.1 The study of speech sounds
2.2 The sound-producing mechanism
2.3 Phonetic transcription of speech sounds
2,3.1 Unit of representation
2.3.2 Phonetic symbols
2.3.3 Phonetic and phonemic transcription
2.4 Description of English consonants
2.5 Description of English vowels
2.6 Phonetic features and natural classes
Chapter 3 Phonology: The Study of Sound Systems and Patterns
3.1 The study of sound systems and patterns
3.2 Phonemes and allophones
3.3 Discovering phonemes
3.3.1 Contrastive distribution
3.3.2 Complementary distribution
3.3.3 Free variation
3.3.4 The discovery procedure
3.4 Distinctive features and non-distinctive features
3.5 Phonological rules
3.6 Syllable structure
3.7 Sequence of phonemes
3.8 Suprasegmental features
3.8.1 Stress
3.8.2 Intonation
3.8.3 Tone
3.8.4 The functioning of stress and intonation in English
Chapter 4 Morphology: The Study of Word Structure
4.1 Word, lexeme and morphology
4.2 Morpheme: the minimal meaningful unit of language
4.3 Root, base and stem
4.4 Classification of morphemes
4.4.1 Free and bound morphemes
4.4.2 Inflectional and derivational morphemes
4.5 Formation of English words
4.5.1 Derivation
4.5.2 Compounding
4.5.3 Other types of English word formation
4.6 The symbolic function of words
Chapter 5 Syntax: The Analysis of Sentence Structure
5.1 Grammaticality
5.2 Knowledge of sentence structure
5.3 Different approaches to syntax
5.4 Transformational-generative grammar
5.4.1 The goal of a TG grammar
5.4.2 Syntactic categories
5.4.3 Phrase structure rules
5.4.4 Tree diagrams
5.4.5 Recursion and the infinitude of language
5.4.6 Subcategorization of the lexicon
5.4.7 Transformational rules
5.5 Systemic-functional grammar
5.5.1 Two perspectives of syntactic analysis: chain and choice
5.5.2 The three metafunctions
5.5.3 Transitivity: syntactic structure as representation of experience
5.5.4 Mood and modality: syntactic structure as representation of interaction
5.5.5 Theme and theme: syntactic structure as organization of message
5.5.6 Functional approaches to grammar in general
5.6 Cognitive approaches to grammar (CG)
5.6.1 The basic commitments and guiding assumptions of CG
5.6.2 The general theoretical framework of CG
5.6.3 Distinct cognitive approaches to syntactic structures
5.6.4 Cognitive vs. formal accounts of some basic theoretical issues
Chapter 6 Semantics: The Analysis of Meaning
6.1 The study of meaning
6.2 Reference and sense
6.2.1 Reference
6.2.2 Sense
6.3 Classification of lexical meanings
6.3.1 Referential meaning and associative meaning
6.3.2 Types of associative meaning
6.4 Lexical sense relations
6.4.1 Synonymy
6.4.2 Antonymy
6.4.3 Homonymy
6.4.4 Polysemy
6.4.5 Hyponymy
6.4.6 Meronymy
6.5 Describing lexical meaning: componential analysis
6.6 Words and concepts
6.6.1 Categorization
6.6.2 Prototypes
6.6.3 Hierarchies
6.7 Semantic relations of sentenc