《中国高等教育概览2010》详细介绍了中国的高等教育。报告旨在成为标准参考，以帮助国外的政策制定者、学者和研究生理解中国这一世界上人口最多国家的高等教育情况，同时也期望能成为政策制定者、学者和研究生的一个有价值的信息源。

This publication aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of higher education in China. It aims to constitute a valuable resource for students, scholars, and policy makers for understanding higher education in the world's most populous country.

This report is the result of a partnership established between the World Bank Human Development Network and Shanghai Jiao Tong University's Graduate School of Education to collect and disseminate information on higher education in China.

Acknowledgments

Glossary

Chapter 1 China -- Country Profile

 Geography and Demographics

 Contemporary Society and Culture

 Administrative System

 The Provinces

Chapter 2 The Chinese Education System -- History

 Introduction

 Educational Legacies and Values

 History and Evolution

 Ancient and Imperial Era (1100BC - 1840AD)

 Modern Era (1840 - 1948)

 Post-revolution Era (1949 - 1966)

 "Cultural Revolution" Era (1967 - 1978)

 New Era (1978 - present day)

Chapter 3 The Contemporary Chinese Higher Education System

  Introduction

  Overall Structure of the National Education System

Educational Standards

National HEIs and Local HEIs

Universities, Colleges, and Vocational Colleges

The "211" and "985" Projects

Financing and Tuition Fees

 Governance of Higher Education in China

Administration

Admission Policies and Procedures

Enrollment Quotas -- The Jihua

Pathways to Enrollment

Quality Assurance

 The Private and Independent Sectors

Private Institutions

=Independent Colleges

Chapter A Data and Analysis: Students and Education

 Indicator A1 Students

Chart A1.1 Number of Students Enrolled in Tertiary Education, 1988 - 2008

Chart A1.2 Number of Putong Undergraduate Students, 1949 - 2008

Chart A1.3 Numbers of Zhuanke and Benke Undergraduate Students, 1988 - 2008

Chart A1.4 Number of Putong Undergraduate Students (Zhuanke vs Benke), 1988-2008

Chart A1.5 Proportion of Postgraduate Students in Tertiary Education, 1988 - 2008

Chart A1.6 Number of Adult Undergraduate Students, 2002 - 2008

Chart A1.7 Proportion of Foreign Students in Tertiary Education, 2005 - 2008

Chart A1.8 Origin of Foreign Students Enrolled in Tertiary Education, 2008

Chart A1.9 Sources of Financial Support of Foreign Students, 2008

Chart A1.10 Participation Rate at All Education Levels, 1990 - 2008

Chart A1.11 Distribution of Students across All Types of Programs, 2008

 Indicator A2 Institutional Diversification

Chart A2.1 Proportion of Students Enrolled in Open Courses, 2005 - 2008

Chart A2.2 Proportion of Putong Undergraduate Students Enrolled in Non-public Institutions, 2004- 2008

Chart A2.3 Student Composition of Independent and Private Institutions, 2008

 Indicator A3 Financing

Chart A3.1 Total per Student Spending on Tertiary Education, 2005 - 2007

Chart A3.2 Total per Student Spending on Tertiary Education by Type of Institution, 2007

Chart A3.3 Tuition Fees Compared to Median Income, 2008

 Indicator A4 Faculty

Chart A4.1 Size of Faculty, 2002 -2008

Chart A4.2 Proportion of Faculty with a PhD, 2004 - 2008

Chart A4.3 Proportion of Female Faculty, 2003 - 2008

Chart A4.4 Proportion of Female Faculty by Rank, 2008

Chart A4.5 Number of Foreign Teachers, 2004 - 2008

 Indicator A5 Access

Chart A5.1 Proportion of Female Students in Tertiary Education, 1997 - 2008

Chart A5.2 Proportion of Female Students by Study Level, 2008

Chart A5.3 Socio-economic Patterns of Students (Based on Father's Occupation), 2005

 Indicator A6 Regional Balance

Chart A6.1 Number of Students in Tertiary Education by Province, 2008

Chart A6.2 Growth of Annual Undergraduate Student Enrollment by Province, 1998-2008

Chart A6.3 Growth of Annual Postgraduate Student Enrollment by Province, 2003 - 2008

Chart A6.4 Public Funding per Student, at Nationally and Provincially Administered Tertiary Institutions, 2007

Chart A6.5 Academic Qualifications of Faculty, 2007

Chart A6.6 Putong Undergraduate Education Admissions Rates by Province, 2009

Chart A6.7 Number of Foreign Tertiary Students by Province, 2008

Chapter B Data and Analysis: Graduates

 Indicator B1 Attainment and Employment

Chart B1.1 Proportion of Graduates with a STEM Degree, 2001 - 2007

Chart B1.2 Proportion of the Working Population with a Tertiary Degree, 2002 - 2007

Chart B1.3 Proportion of Unemployed Adults with a Tertiary Degree, 2002 - 2008

 Indicator B2 Quality and Relevance

Chart B2.1 Completion Rates of Undergraduate Students, 2004 - 2008

Chart B2.2 Completion Rates of Postgraduate Students, 2003 - 2008

Chart B2.3 Number of Bachelor's Graduates Pursuing Postgraduate Studies, 2004 - 2008

Chart B2.4 Results of International Mathematical Olympiad,1980 - 2009

 Indicator B3 Study Abroad

Chart B3.1 Number of Students Leaving for and Returning from Study Abroad, 1978 - 2007

 Indicator B4 Equality

Chart B4.1 Gender Balance of Graduates by Subject of Study, 2003

Chart B4.2 Gender Balance of Graduates by Residential Status, 2003

 Indicator B5 Regional Balance

Chart B5.1 Number of Postgraduate Degrees Awarded by Province, 2008

Chart B5.2 Educational Attainment of the Labor Force, 2007

Chapter C Data and Analysis: Research

 Indicator C1 Research Capacity

Chart C1.1 R&D Expenditure Relative to GDP, 1998 -2007

Chart C1.2 University R&D Spending by Activity, 2004- 2008

Chart C1.3 Science and Technology Funding to Universities,2000 - 2008

 Indicator C2 Research Output

Chart C2.1 Number of Publications and Citations of University Research, Five-year Rolling averages, 1995 - 2004

 Indicator C3 Technology Transfer

Chart C3.1 Employment Sector of Doctoral Program, 2007

Chart C3.2 Contract Dollars with Industry per R&D Personnel in Universities, 1998 - 2007

Chart C3.3 Number of University Patents, 2004 -2008

 Indicator C4 Regional Balance

Chart C4.1 Science and Technology Funding to Universities,2007

Chart C4.2 Number of World-ranked Institutions, 2009

Chapter D Data and Analysis: Governance

 Indicator D1 Financing Tertiary Education

Chart D1.1 Income of Tertiary Education Institutions, 1996 - 2007

Chart D1.2 Tertiary Education Budget as a Percentage of the Total National Educational Budget, 1998 -2007

Chart D1.3 Proportion of Public and Private Funding for Tertiary Education as a Percentage of GDP, 1999 -2007

 Indicator D2 Balance of MoE- and Provincially-administered Institutions

Chart D2.1 Number of MoE- and Provincially-administered Institutions, 1997 - 2008

Chart D2.2 Percentage of Institutions, Faculty, students, and Awards Affiliated with the Ministry of Education, 2008

Data Sources

Notes

Appendix

 List of "985" Universities

 List of "211" Universities

References