这是本纯英文读本。书本从软件演化管理的角度，较为系统地讨论了软件演化过程的相关问题，包括软件演化过程元模型、软件演化过程描述语言、软件演化过程框架、软件演化过程建模方法、软件演化过程改进等。书本还给出了一个软件演化过程的支撑工具，并提供了多个案例研究。

本书可以作为计算机专业研究生和高年级本科生的教材和教学参考书，也可供从事软件工程的科技人员使用和参考。

软件演化是近年来软件工程领域正逐步受到重视的研究方向，并将得到越来越多的关注。本书从软件演化管理的角度，较为系统地讨论了软件演化过程的相关问题，包括软件演化过程元模型、软件演化过程描述语言、软件演化过程框架、软件演化过程建模方法、软件演化过程改进等。本书还给出了一个软件演化过程的支撑工具，并提供了多个案例研究。

本书可以作为计算机专业研究生和高年级本科生的教材和教学参考书，也可供从事软件工程的科技人员使用和参考。

Preface ix

List of Figures and Tables

 xiii

1 Introduction 1

  .1 Motivation 1

 1.2 Contributions 3

 1.3 Research Methods 4

 1.4 Success Criteria 5

 1.5 Validation Methods 5

 1.6 Outline 6

 References 7

2 Overview of Software Processes and Software Evolution 8

 2.1 Introduction 9

 2.2 Software Processes 9

2.2.1 Concepts of Software Process 9

2.2.2 Software Process Modelling and Descriptions 11

2.2.3 Software Process Modelling and Description Languages 13

2.2.4 Software Process Improvement and CMM 16

2.2.5 Software Process Reuse 19

2.2.6 Process-Centred Software Engineering Environments 20

 2.3 Software Evolution 21

2.3.1 Concepts of Software Evolution 21

2.3.2 Software Reengineering 22

2.3.3 Software Evolution 25

 2.4 Summary 27

 References 27

3 Related Work 34

 3.1 Introduction 35

 3.2 Software Evolution Process 35

 3.3 Concurrency in the Software Life Cycle 38

 3.4 Petri Nets 39

 3.5 Dependence Analysis 43

 3.6 Formal Functional Decomposition 44

 3.7 Summary 46

 References 46

4 Software Evolution Process Meta-Model EPMM 50

 4.1 Introduction 51

 4.2 Properties of Software Evolution Processes 52

 4.3 Iteration in Software Evolution Processes 52

 4.4 Concurrency in Software Evolution Processes 54

4.4.1 Version Concurrency 54

4.4.2 Process Concurrency 55

4.4.3 Sub-Process Concurrency 55

4.4.4 Phase Concurrency 56

4.4.5 Activity Concurrency 56

4.4.6 Task Concurrency 57

 4.5 Static Component Definitions of EPMM 57

4.5.1 Task 58

4.5.2 Activity 59

4.5.3 Software Process 60

4.5.4 Example: Prototype Evolution Process Model 61

4.5.5 Global Model 63

 4.6 Dynamic Component Definitions of EPMM 64

 4.7 Supports for Software Evolution Processes 66

 4.8 Summary 67

 References 68

5 Software Evolution Process Description Language EPDL 70

 5.1 Introduction 71

 5.2 Survey of EPDL 71

5.2.1 Design Goals 71

5.2.2 Characteristics 72

5.2.3 Program Structure 73

 5.3 Task 74

 5.4 Activity 76

 5.5 Software Process 77

 5.6 Global Model 80

 5.7 EPDL Program 80

 5.8 Example 81

 5.9 Summary 82

 References 83

6 Framework of Software Evolution Processes 85

 6.1 Introduction 86

 6.2 Framework of Software Evolution Processes 86

 6.3 Steps for Modelling Software Evolution Processes 88

 6.4 Designing Global Models 91

 6.5 Evolution Process Descriptions 92

 6.6 Summary 93

 References 93

7 Designing Processes and Activities 95

 7.1 Introduction 96

 7.2 Designing Processes 96

7.2.1 Basic Blocks 96

7.2.2 Software Process Package 98

7.2.3 Procedure for Modelling Processes 99

 7.3 Designing Activities 100

 7.4 Reuse of Software Evolution Processes 101

7.4.1 Reuse by Inheritance 101

7.4.2 Reuse of Basic Blocks 102

7.4.3 Reuse of Process Packages 106

 7.5 Summary 107

 References 107

8 Designing Tasks 109

 8.1 Introduction 110

 8.2 Procedure of Designing Tasks 111

 8.3 Structures of Functional Decomposition 111

 8.4 Decomposition Rules 113

8.4.1 Sequence Decomposition 114

8.4.2 Selection Decomposition 115

8.4.3 Repetition Decomposition 116

 8.5 Structure of the Knowledge Base 117

8.5.1 The Case Base 118

8.5.2 The Segment Base 119

8.5.3 The Rule Base 119

 8.6 Decomposition 119

8.6.1 The Decomposition Tree 119

8.6.2 Match Between Two 2-Assertions 120

8.6.3 The Decomposition Process 121

8.6.4 Supports by Modellers 122

 8.7 Summary 123

 References 124

9 Efficiency Improvement of the Software Evolution Processes 125

 9.1 Introduction 126

 9.2 Procedure of Efficiency Improvement 127

 9.3 Dependence Analysis Between Entities 130

9.3.1 Constructing a Dependence Graph 130

9.3.2 Localising Dependences 131

 9.4 Reconstructing Process Segments 132

9.4.1 Preprocessing an ADG 133

9.4.2 Transformation Rules 136

9.4.3 Transformation Algorithm 137

9.4.4 Examples 138

 9.5 Capturing Concurrency within an Activity 140

 9.6 Analysing Dependences Between Partition Blocks 142

 9.7 Extending Concurrency 144

 9.8 Reconstructing Software Processes 146

 9.9 Summary 149

 References 149

10 Support Environment EPT 151

 10.1 Introduction 152

 10.2 Architecture of EPT 153

 10.3 File Depository 154

10.3.1 Data Structures of EPDL Object Codes 154

10.3.2 Other Data Structures 156

 10.4 Process Server 158

10.4.1 Modelling Manager 158

10.4.2 EPDL Compiler 161

10.4.3 Runtime Manager 161

 10.5 User Interface and Message Server 163

 10.6 Summary 165

 References 165

11 Case Studies 166

 11.1 Introduction 167

 11.2 First Case Study: The Waterfall Model 168

 11.3 Second Case Study: Three Software Processes Involved in  Evolution 170

 11.4 Third Case Study: An Evolution Process of an Information  Security System 174

11.4.1 Background 174

11.4.2 The Process of Modelling 175

11.4.3 EPDL Program 175

11.4.4 White Box Approach 176

11.4.5 Black Box Approach 179

11.4.6 Efficiency Improvement 180

 11.5 Fourth Case Study: The Maintenance Process of ISO/IEC 12207 183

11.5.1 Background 183

11.5.2 EPDL Program 185

11.5.3 Activity: Process Implementation 186

11.5.4 Activity: Problem and Modification Analysis 187

11.5.5 Activity: Modification Implementation 189

11.5.6 Activity: Maintenance Review/Acceptance 190

11.5.7 Activity: Migration 190

11.5.8 Activity: Software Retirement 192

 11.6 Summary 194

 References 195

12 Conclusions 196

 12.1 Success Criteria Revisited 196

 12.2 Evaluations 198

12.2.1 Comparison with Osterweil's Approach 198

12.2.2 Comparison with Lehman's Approach 200

12.2.3 Evaluations 202

 12.3 Summary 202

 12.4 Future Work 204

12.4.1 Limitations 204

12.4.2 Directions for Future Work 205

 References 205

Index 207