操作系统是计算机系统的基本组成部分，同样，“操作系统”课程也是计算机科学教育的基本组成部分，随着计算机在众多领域得到广泛应用，操作系统也正在以惊人的速度发展着。

本书是一本操作系统的入门教材，清晰直观地描述了操作系统的基本概念，阐述了重要理论结论，并通过使用图表和例子来代替证明，以说明结论的正确性。

本书共有八大部分：第1章与第2章解释操作系统是什么、能做什么以及它们是如何设计与构造的。第3章到第7章描述作为现代操作系统核心的进程以及并发的概念。第8章和第9章主要讨论进程执行过程中的主存管理问题、保护和安全。第14章和第15章讨论为使操作系统中的进程活动，如何对系统中的进程加以保护。第19章和第20章讨论专用系统，包括实时系统与多媒体系统。第21章到第23章和网站上的附录A到附录C通过描述实际操作系统，融合了本书的概念。

PART ONE OVERVIEW

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 What Operating Systems Do

1.2 Computer-System Organization

1.3 Computer-System Architecture

1.4 Operating-System Structure

1.5 Operating-System Operations

1.6 Process Management

1.7 Memory Management

1.8 Storage Management

1.9 Protection and Security

1.10 Distributed Systems

1.11 Special-Purpose Systems

1.12 Computing Environments

1.13 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 2 Operating-System Structures

2.1 Operating-System Services

2.2 User Operating-System Interface

2.3 System Calls

2.4 Types of System Calls

2.5 System Programs

2.6 Operating-System Design and ImplementatiOn

2.7 Operating-System Structure

2.8 Virtual Machines

2.9 Java

2.10 Operating-System Generation

2.11 System Boot

2.12 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

PART TWO PROCESS MANAGEMENT

Chapter 3 Processes

3.1 Process Concept

3.2 Process Scheduling

3.3 Operations on Processes

3.4 Interprocess Communication

3.5 Examples of IPC Systems

3.6 Communication in Client-Server Systems

3.7 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 4 Threads

4.1 Overview

4.2 Multithreading Models

4.3 Thread Libraries

4.4 Java Threads

4.5 Threading Issues

4.6 Operating-System Examples

4.7 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 5 CPU Scheduling

5.1 Basic Concepts

5.2 Scheduling Criteria

5.3 Scheduling Algorithms

5.4 Multiple-Processor Scheduling

5.5 Thread Scheduling

5.6 Operating System Examples

5.7 Java Scheduling

5.8 Algorithm Evaluation

5.9 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 6 Process Synchronization

6.1 Background

6.2 The Critical-Section problem

6.3 Peterson's Solution

6.4 Synchronization Hardware

6.5 Semaphores

6.6 Classic Problems of Synchronization

6.7 Monitors

6.8 Java Synchronization

6.9 Synchronization Examples

6.10 Atomic Transactions

6.11 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 7 Deadlocks

7.1 System Model

7.2 Deadlock Characterization

7.3 Methods for Handling Deadlocks

7.4 Deadlock Prevention

7.5 Deadlock Avoidance

7.6 Deadlock Detection

7.7 Recovery from Deadlock

7.8 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

PART THREE MEMORY MANAGEMENT

Chapter 8 Main Memory

8.1 Background

8.2 Swapping

8.3 Contiguous Memory Allocation

8.4 Paging

8.5 Structure of the Page Table

8.6 Segmentation

8.7 Example：The Intel Pentium

8.8 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 9 Virtual Memory

9.1 Background

9.2 Demand Paging

9.3 Copy-on-Write

9.4 Page Replacement

9.5 Allocation of Frames

9.6 Thrashing

9.7 Memory-Mapped Files

9.8 Allocating Kernel Memory

9.9 Other Considerations

9.10 Operating-System Examples

9.11 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

PART FOUR STORAGE MANAGEMENT

Chapter 10 File'System Interface

10.1 The Concept of a File

10.2 Access Methods

10.3 Directory Structure

10.4 File-System Mounting

10.5 File Sharing

10.6 Protection

10.7 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 11 File-System Implementation

11.1 File-System Structure

11.2 File-System Implementation

11.3 Directory Implementation

11.4 Allocation Methods

11.5 Free-Space Management

11.6 Efficiency and Performance

11.7 Recovery

11.8 Log-Structured File Systems

11.9 NFS

11.10 Example：The WAFL File System

11.11 Summary

 Exercises

 Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 12 Mass-Storage Structure

12.1 Overview of Mass-Storage Structure

12.2 Disk Structure

12.3 Disk Attachment

12.4 Disk Scheduling

12.5 Disk Management

12.6 Swap-Space Management

12.7 RAID Structure

12.8 Stable-Storage Implementation

12.9 Tertiary-Storage Structure

12.10 Summary

 Exercises

 Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 13 I/O Systems

13.1 Overview

13.2 I/O Hardware

13.3 Application I/O Interface

13.4 Kernel I/O Subsystem

13.5 Transforming I/O Requests to Hardware Operations

13.6 STREAMS

13.7 Performance

13.8 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

PART FIVE PROTECTION AND SECURITY

Chapter 14 Protection

14.1 Goals of Protection

14.2 Principles of Protection

14.3 Domain of Protection

14.4 Access Matrix

14.5 Implementation of Access Matrix

14.6 Access Control

14.7 Revocation of Access Rights

14.8 Capability-Based Systems

14.9 Language-Based Protection

14.10 Summary

 Exercises

 Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 15 Security

15.1 The Security Problem

15.2 Program Threats

15.3 System and Network Threats

15.4 Cryptography as a Security Tool

15.5 User Authentication

15.6 Implementing Security Defenses

15.7 Firewalling to Protect Systems and Networks

15.8 Computer-Security Classifications

15.9 An Example：W'mdows XP

15.10 Summary

 Exercises

 Bibliographical Notes

PART SIX DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS

Chapter 16 Distributed System Structures

16.1 Motivation

16.2 Types of Network- based Operating Systems

16.3 Network Structure

16.4 Network Topology

16.5 Communication Structure

16.6 Communication Protocols

16.7 Robustness

16.8 Design Issues

16.9 An Example：Networking

16.10 Summary

 Exercises

 Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 17 Distributed File Systems

17.1 Background

17.2 Naming and Transparency

17.3 Remote File Access

17.4 Stateful Versus Stateless Service

17.5 File Replication

17.6 An Example：AFS

17.7 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 18 Distributed Coordination

18.1 Event Ordering

18.2 Mutual Exclusion

18.3 Atomicity

18.4 Concurrency Control

18.5 Deadlock Handling

18.6 Election Algorithms

18.7 Reaching Agreement

18.8 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

PART SEVEN SPECIAL PURPOSE SYSTEMS

Chapter 19 Real-Time Systems

19.1 Overview

19.2 System Characteristics

19.3 Features of Real-Time Kernels

19.4 Implementing Real-Time Operating Systems

19.5 Real-Tune CPU Scheduling

19.6 VxWorks 5.x

19.7 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 20 Multimedia Systems

20.1 What Is Multimedia?

20.2 Compression

20.3 Requirements of Multimedia Kernels

20.4 CPU Scheduling

20.5 Disk Scheduling

20.6 Network Management

20.7 An Example：CineBlitz

20.8 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

PART EIGHT CASE STUDIES

Chapter 21 The Linux System

21.1 Linux History

21.2 Design Principles

21.3 Kernel Modules

21.4 Process Management

21.5 Scheduling

21.6 Memory Management

21.7 File Systems

21.8 Input and Output

21.9 Interprocess Communication

21.10 Network Structure

21.11 Security

21.12 Summary

 Exercises

 Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 22 Windows XP

22.1 History

22.2 Design Principles

22.3 System Components

22.4 Environmental Subsystems

22.5 File System

22.6 Networking

22.7 Programmer Interface

22.8 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 23 Influential Operating Systems

23.1 Early Systems

23.2 Atlas

23.3 XDS-940

23.4 THE

23.5 RC 4000

23.6 CTSS

23.7 MULTICS

23.8 IBM OS/360

23.9 Mach

23.10 Other Systems Exercises

PARTE-IGHT APPENDICES

Appendix A BSD UNIX (contents,online)

A.1 UNIX History

A.2 Design Principles

A.3 Programmer Interface

A.4 User Interface

A.5 Process Management

A.6 Memory Management

A.7 File System

A.8 I/O System

A.9 Interprocess Communication

A.10 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Appendix B The Mach System(contents online)

B.1 History of the Mach System

B.2 Design Principles

B.3 System Components

B.4 Process Management

B.5 Interprocess Communication

B.6 Memory Management

B.7 Programmer Interface

B.8 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Credits

Appendix C Windows 2000 (contents online)

C.1 History

C.2 Design Principles

C.3 System Components

C.4 Environmental Subsystems

C.5 File System

C.6 Networking

C.7 Programmer Interface

C.8 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Appendix D Distributed Communication (contents online)

D.1 Sockets

D.2 UDP Sockets

D.3 Remote Method Invocation

D.4 Other Aspects of Distributed Communication

D.5 Web Services

D.6 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Appendix E Java Primer (contents online)

E.1 Basics

E.2 Inheritance

E.3 Interfaces and Abstract Classes

E.4 Exception Handling

E.5 Applications and Applets

E.6 Summary Bibliographical Notes

Bibliography

Credits

Index