本书为学术著作，围绕公路隧道开挖与支护工序，提出基于单元工程量的隧道开挖支护模块化碳排放计算方法，采用敏感性分析挖掘影响单元工程量碳排放的关键指标；基于设计规范和实际案例建立隧道工程量模型，分析双车道与三车道大断面隧道开挖支护碳排放特性，明确设计参数改变带来的边际碳排放；探索隧道施工碳排放的预测方法和模型；从不确定性分析的方法和原理出发，综合考虑参数和情景的不确定性，得到隧道施工单元工程量碳排放区间；基于现有项目案例的工程量和前述工程量计算模型，考虑未来隧道衬砌低碳设计的发展情景，进一步明确每延米隧道施工碳排放的不确定性。本书的出版有助于推动我国道路建设的绿色发展。

1 Introduction
1.1 Research Background and Significance
1.1.1 China's Emission Reduction Targets and Actions
1.1.2 The Development Status of Highway Tunnel Industry in China
1.1.3 Research Backgrounds of the Tunnel Emission Reduction
1.2 Research Status and Review
1.2.1 Research Progress on Carbon Emissions from Tunnels
1.2.2 LCA Framework for the Carbon Emissions of Tunnels
1.2.3 Research Progress on LCA Uncertainty
1.3 Existing Problems
1.4 Main Research Content
References
2 Carbon Emission Quantification Theory and Modular LCAMethod
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Basic Knowledge of Carbon Emissions
2.2.1 Greenhouse Gases
2.2.2 Carbon Exchange Pathway
2.3 Basic Methods for Quantifying Carbon Emissions
2.3.1 Direct Measurement Method
2.3.2 The Process Analysis Method
2.3.3 The Input-Output Method
2.3.4 The Hybrid Method
2.4 Overview of LCA
2.4.1 Objectives and Steps
2.4.2 Functional Unit and Reference Flow
2.4.3 Product System and Unit Process
2.4.4 System Boundary
2.4.5 Data Collection and Calculation
2.4.6 Environmental Effects and Assessment Methods
2.4.7 Main Features of LCA
2.5 Overview of Product Modularization
2.5.1 Concept of Modularization
2.5.2 Modular LCA Method
2.6 Conclusions
References
3 Carbon Emission Prediction Method for Tunnel Construction
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Method
3.2.1 Potential Factors Affecting Tunnel Construction Emissions
3.2.2 Overview of the Tunnels
3.2.3 Calculation Method for Tunnel Construction Emissions
3.2.4 Common Prediction Models
3.2.5 Data Analysis Method
3.3 Results
3.3.1 Carbon Emissions of Tunnel Construction
3.3.2 Factors Influencing Carbon Emissions from Tunnel Construction
3.3.3 Models Predicting Carbon Emissions from Tunnel Construction
3.4 Discussion
3.5 Conclusions
References
4 A Modular Calculation Method for the Carbon Emissions
of Highway Tunnel Construction Based on the Chinese
Standard Quota
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Methods and Data
4.2.1 Goal and Scope
4.2.2 Inventory Analysis
4.2.3 Sensitivity Analysis of Settings for Material
Transportation, Collection, and Processing
4.3 Results and Discussion
4.3.1 Inventories of Input and Carbon Emissions
for Primitives
4.3.2 Case Study
4.3.3 Sensitivity Analysis
4.4 Conclusion
References
5 Uncertainty Analysis of Carbon Emissions from Highway
Tunnel Construction
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Uncertainty Analysis Method
5.2.1 Data Quality Indicator
5.2.2 Parameter Probability Distribution
5.2.3 Monte Carlo Simulation
5.2.4 Maximum Likelihood Estimation
5.2.5 Scenario Analysis
5.3 Uncertainty Analysis of Carbon Emissions of Unit
Engineering Quantity
5.3.1 Parameter Value
5.3.2 Sample Size
5.3.3 Uncertainty Analysis of Primitives' Carbon Emissions
5.3.4 Primitive Carbon Emission Fitting
5.4 Uncertainty Analysis of Carbon Emissions from Lining
Construction
5.4.1 Parameter Value
5.4.2 Model Uncertainty Analysis
5.4.3 Parameter Uncertainty Analysis
5.4.4 Analysis of Scenario Uncertainty
5.5 Conclusion
References
6 Carbon Emission Transition of Highway Tunnel Construction
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Methods and Materials
6.2.1 Rock Mass Grades and Lining Designs
6.2.2 System Boundary
6.2.3 Inventory Data
6.2.4 Evaluation Indexes for Tunnel Emission Increment
6.3 Results and Discussion
6.3.1 Carbon Emission Evaluation
6.3.2 Transition Path Analysis of the Tunnel Construction Emission
6.4 Conclusion
References
7 Influence of Tunnel Lining Design Parameters on Construction
Carbon Emissions
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Carbon Emission Variation Characteristics of Two-Lane
Highway Tunnel Li