本书提供了非常易学的自然语言处理入门介绍，该领域涵盖从文本和电子邮件预测过滤，到自动总结和翻译等多种语言处理技术。在本书中，你将学会编写Python程序处理大量非结构化文本。你还将通过使用综合语言数据结构访问含有丰富注释的数据集，理解用于分析书面通信内容和结构的主要算法。

本书提供了非常易学的自然语言处理入门介绍，该领域涵盖从文本和电子邮件预测过滤，到自动总结和翻译等多种语言处理技术。在本书中，你将学会编写Python程序处理大量非结构化文本。你还将通过使用综合语言数据结构访问含有丰富注释的数据集，理解用于分析书面通信内容和结构的主要算法。

《Python自然语言处理》准备了充足的示例和练习，可以帮助你：

从非结构化文本中抽取信息，甚至猜测主题或识别“命名实体”；

分析文本语言结构，包括解析和语义分析；

访问流行的语言学数据库，包括WordNet和树库(treebank)；

从多种语言学和人工智能领域中提取的整合技巧。

本书将帮助你学习运用Python编程语言和自然语言工具包(NLTK)获得实用的自然语言处理技能。如果对于开发Web应用、分析多语言新闻源或记录濒危语言感兴趣——即便只是想从程序员视角观察人类语言如何运作，你将发现《Python自然语言处理》是一本令人着迷且极为有用的好书。

Preface

1.Language Processing and Python

 1.1 Computing with Language: Texts and Words

 1.2 A Closer Look at Python: Texts as Lists of Words

 1.3 Computing with Language: Simple Statistics

 1.4 Back to Python: Making Decisions and Taking Control

 1.5 Automatic Natural Language Understanding

 1.6 Summary

 1.7 Further Reading

 1.8 Exercises

2.Accessing Text Corpora and Lexical Resources

 2.1 Accessing Text Corpora

 2.2 Conditional Frequency Distributions

 2.3 More Python: Reusing Code

 2.4 Lexical Resources

 2.5 WordNet

 2.6 Summary

 2.7 Further Reading

 2.8 Exercises

3.Processing Raw Text

 3.1 Accessing Text from the Web and from Disk

 3.2 Strings: Text Processing at the Lowest Level

 3.3 Text Processing with Unicode

 3.4 Regular Expressions for Detecting Word Patterns

 3.5 Useful Applications of Regular Expressions

 3.6 Normalizing Text

 3.7 Regular Expressions for Tokenizing Text

 3.8 Segmentation

 3.9 Formatting: From Lists to Strings

 3.10 Summary

 3.11 Further Reading

 3.12 Exercises

4.Writing Structured Programs

 4.1 Back to the Basics

 4.2 Sequences

 4.3 Questions of Style

 4.4 Functions: The Foundation of Structured Programming

 4.5 Doing More with Functions

 4.6 Program Development

 4.7 Algorithm Design

 4.8 A Sample of Python Libraries

 4.9 Summary

 4.10 Further Reading

 4.11 Exercises

5.Categorizing andTagging Words

 5.1 Using a Tagger

 5.2 Tagged Corpora

 5.3 Mapping Words to Properties Using Python Dictionaries

 5.4 Automatic Tagging

 5.5 N-Gram Tagging

 5.6 Transformation-Based Tagging

 5.7 How to Determine the Category of a Word

 5.8 Summary

 5.9 Further Reading

 5.10 Exercises

6.Learning to Classify Text

 6.1 Supervised Classification

 6.2 Further Examples of Supervised Classification

 6.3 Evaluation

 6.4 Decision Trees

 6.5 Naive Bayes Classifiers

 6.6 Maximum Entropy Classifiers

 6.7 Modeling Linguistic Patterns

 6.8 Summary

 6.9 Further Reading

 6.10 Exercises

7.Extracting Information from Text

 7.1 Information Extraction

 7.2 Chunking

 7.3 Developing and Evaluating Chunkers

 7.4 Recursion in Linguistic Structure

 7.5 Named Entity Recognition

 7.6 Relation Extraction

 7.7 Summary

 7.8 Further Reading

 7.9 Exercises

8.Analyzing Sentence Structure

 8.1 Some Grammatical Dilemmas

 8.2 What's the Use of Syntax?

 8.3 Context-Free Grammar

 8.4 Parsing with Context-Free Grammar

 8.5 Dependencies and Dependency Grammar

 8.6 Grammar Development

 8.7 Summary

 8.8 Further Reading

 8.9 Exercises

9.Building Feature-Based Grammars

 9.1 Grammatical Features

 9.2 Processing Feature Structures

 9.3 Extending a Feature-Based Grammar

 9.4 Summary

 9.5 Further Reading

 9.6 Exercises

10.Analyzing the Meaning of Sentences

 10.1 Natural Language Understanding

 10.2 Propositional Logic

 10.3 First-Order Logic

 10.4 The Semantics of English Sentences

 10.5 Discourse Semantics

 10.6 Summary

 10.7 Further Reading

 10.8 Exercises

11.Managing Linguistic Data

 11.1 Corpus Structure: A Case Study

 11.2 The Life Cycle of a Corpus

 11.3 Acquiring Data

 11.4 Working with XML

 11.5 Working with Toolbox Data

 11.6 Describing Language Resources Using OLAC Metadata

 11.7 Summary

 11.8 Further Reading

 11.9 Exercises

Afterword: The Language Challenge

Bibliography

NLTK Index

General Index