刘莹的《中国儿童英汉语音意识拼音技能和英语单词认读能力研究(精)》主要研究中国儿童英语单词认读技能的习得,旨在解决她们在英语单词读写过程中遇到的英语单词的拼读问题。具体来说,在没有接受系统的音标学习和训练的情况下,中国小学儿童如何应对英语单词认读这项任务,汉语拼音学习经历和汉语语言的语音特点如何影响汉语儿童外语单词拼读技能的发展。
相关文献表明,英语语音意识在儿童英语单词认读中起着重要的作用,此结论不仅适用于以英语为母语的儿童,也适用于二语学习者,尤其针对母语和第二语言都是拼音文字类型的语言。而对于英、汉这两种类型完全不同的语言来说,此结论的适用程度仍有待研究。前人研究涉及的儿童绝大部分是在英语国家生活的ESL学习者,或者是没有学习过汉语拼音的香港儿童,而拼音学习恰恰能够提高儿童的母语语音意识,因此有必要研究有汉语拼音学习经历的儿童英语单词拼读技能的特点。
《中国儿童英汉语音意识拼音技能和英语单词认读能力研究(精)》主要从汉语拼音正字法入手,比较了英、汉语音节结构和拼写法方面的异同,重点讨论了汉语的音节结构特点及其可能对语音意识和英语单词认读的影响。在实验方法上,我们发现国内相关研究存在的一个弱点为未能采用国际惯用的朗读法测量单词认读技能,而其他替代的方法虽然简便易行但研究结果却很难进行类推。为此,我们决定使用几种国外通用的实验方法,根据汉语的特点和国内外语教学的情况进行调整,设计出调查工具和实验方案。依据小学三年级开始学习外语的规定,我们对137名小学三、五年级儿童的英、汉语音意识(听辨任务)和英语词汇能力进行了测量,并分年级各选取25名参加英、汉语音意识(删除任务)、识字(英语单词和汉字认读任务)和拼音技能(英语假词和汉语拼音拼读任务)的测试。
由实验结果首先发现英语语音意识和英语单词认读能力之间存在密切相关性,两个年级儿童的英语音位意识对他们的英语单词认读均有独特的预测力,而五年级儿童的英语词汇能力的预测力更强。其次,英语和汉语的拼读技能(假词拼读)之间存在密切相关性,而英语单词和汉字认读技能之间没有相关性。另外,儿童英语拼音技能的特点与汉语语音结构关系密切,即儿童更善于使用与汉语音节特点相一致的语音单位CV类比法来拼读英语假词;相比之下,使用汉语没有的VC类比法读假词的能力发展要慢一些。而且,类比法读假词的能力和语音意识能力密切相关。这些结果表明语音技能在汉语EFL儿童学习英语单词认读的过程中起着重要的作用。
本研究借鉴了前人针对以英语为母语的儿童提出的语音意识与英语单词认读之间关系的理论,结合了国内EFL儿童的特点,尝试性地提出了L2语音意识发展的模型。
Preface
Acknowledgements
Abstract
摘要
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Research motivation
1.2 Definition of phonological awareness rPA)
1.3 Phonological awareness and L2 word reading
1.4 English word reading in the Chinese context
1.5 Key research questions
Chapter 2 Phonological Skills and English Word Reading
2.1 Research background
2.1.1 English word reading and English reading
2.1.2 Models for development of English word reading skills
2.1.3 Phonological skills and English word reading
2.2 Issues in PA and English word reading
2.3 Issues in English word reading
2.4 MethodolcIgical matters
2.4.1 Classic PA tasks
2.4.2 Cognitive dimension
2.4.3 Linguistic dimension
2.4.4 Orthographic dimension
2.5 Theoretical accounts for the connection
2.5.1 Cognitive view
2.5.2 Emergentist view
2.5.3 RePresentational view
2.5.4 Multiconnections account for English word reading
Chapter 3 Reconsidering the Issues in EFL Context
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Linguistic differences theory
3.1.2 Linguistic differences and reading skills
3.1.3 Linguistic differences and PA
3.2 Chinese mainland EFL learning context
3.3 Research rationale
3.3.1 Introduction
3.3.2 Syllable structure of Chinese
3.3.3 Chinese writing system
3.3.4 Structure of Chinese pinyin
3.3.5 Problems with pinyin system
3.3.6 Role of pinyin in learning to read
3.4 Methodological considerations in Chinese EFL context
3.4.1 English word reading tests
3.4.2 CPA tasks
3.5 Summary
Chapter 4 Experimental Studies
4.0 Research questions
4.1 Participants
4.2 Chinese and English PA tests
4.2.1 Method for PA tests
4.2.2 PA task selection
4.2.3 CPA tests
4.2.4 EPA tests
4.3 English vocabulary, Chinese word reading and English word reading tests
4.3.1 English vocabulary test
4.3.2 Chinese word reading test
4.3.3 English word reading test
4.4 Pinyin reading test
4.4.1 Design
4.4.2 Materials
4.5 English nonword reading test
4.5.1 Materials
4.5.2 Task considerations
4.6 Data collection
4.7 Summary
Chapter 5 Results and Discussion
5.0 Introduction
5.1 Chinese and English phonological awareness
5.1.1 Descriptive statistics
5.1.2 Units and tasks
5.1.3 Correlations and regression
5.1.4 Composition of PA skills
5.1.5 Discussion
5.2 Phonological awareness and word reading
5.2.1 Validating sample groups
5.2.2 Correlations
5.2.3 Regression analyses
5.3 English nonword reading
5.3.1 CV versus VC analogy
5.3.2 Analogy and PA
5.3.3 Complex onset in VC analogy
5.4 Chinese and English deletion tasks
5.4.1 Chinese phoneme deletion
5.4.2 English phoneme deletion
5.4.3 English syllable deletion
5.4.4 Summary
5.5 Chinese pinyin reading
5.6 Summary
Chapter 6 General Discussion and Conclusion
6.0 Introduction
6.1 Research questions revisited
6.2 English word readIng
6.2.1 Findings on correlations
6.2.2 English vocabulary, PA and word reading
6.2.3 CPA and EPA
6.2.4 Phonological skills in EFL word reading
6.3 English nonword reading.
6.3.1 English nonword reading strategies
6.3.2 EnglishPA and nonword reading
6.4 Chinese pinyin
6.5 Contributions of major findings and implications of the study
6.5.1 Contributions of the study
6.5.2 Implications for teaching
6.6 Some limitations on the present study and suggestions for future research
6.7 Summary
References
Appendixes
Appendix I Reliability coefficients for tests used in the study
Appendix2 English vocabUlary test materials
Appendix 3 Chinese character reading test materials
Appendix 4 English word reading test materials
Appendix 5 Instructions in EPA group session tests
Appendix 6 Raw scores for reading different types of English
nonwords