本书重点回答了以下四个问题:①中国学习者现在完成体使用的总体情况如何?②现在完成体的变异对于各个语言因素是否呈现规律性变化?③五种语言因素对中国学习者使用现在完成体有什么影响?④中国学习者的现在完成体使用在三个子语料库统作说明中是否表现出发展性特点?如果有,如何解释这种情况?
本书对于第二语言习得和外语学习中的变异现象以及时体研究具有较重要的理论意义和启发作用,对于外语教学和时体习得也有重要的实践意义。
本书以中国学习者英语语料库为基础,研究了中国学习者在书面语中现在完成体的使用概况,分析了他们在现在完成体使用中的主要困难及其原因;同时,深入探讨了情状体、动词突显度、句子结构、时间状语和过程类型五个语言因素对现在完成体使用的影响。研究结果对第二语言习得中的变异现象和时体研究具有理论意义,对外语教学实践和时体习得具有实际意义。
Chapter 1 Introduction/1
1.1 Introduction/1
1.2 Motivation/1
1.3 Significance of the present study/3
1.4 Research questions/5
1.5 Outline of the book/6
Chapter 2 Curpus linguistics and inter'language studies/8
2.1 Corpus linguistics/8
2.2 Interlanguage/15
2.3 Learner corpora/20
Chapter 3 Tense and aspect acquisition and I inguisticfactor,s/27
3.1 Tense and aspect/27
3.2 The Present Perfect in English/29
3.3 Linguistic factors affecting tense/aspect acquisition/30
Chapter 4 Methodology/54
4.1 Introduction/54
4.2 Data description/54
4.3 Data coding/56
Chapter 5 Results/69
5.1 Introduction/69
5.2 Analysis of tense/aspect errors/69
5.3 Analysis of the present perfect variation/77
5.4 Effects of linguistic factors on present perfect variation/83
Chapter 6 Discussion/122
6.1 Semantic interpretation of the present perfect variation/122
6.2 The effects of linguistic factors on the present perfect variation/125
Chapter 7 Conclusion/157
7.1 Summary of major findings/157
7.2 Implications/165
7.3 Suggestions for future research/168
Appendix 1 A sample text from CLEC/169
Appendix 2 Sampled data from tagged VP6 errors on English tense/aspect/170
Appendix 3 Sampled data from the subjects' use of present perfect/175
Appendix 4 Sampled diagnostic tests for lexical aspect/177
Bibliography/179