Preface．

Nomenclature

Glossary

Abbreviations

Part I Surface Roughness and Hierarchical Friction Mechanisms

1 Introduction．

 1．1 Surfaces and Surface Free Energy

 1．2 Mesoscale

 1．3 Hierarchy

 1．4 Dissipation

 1．5 Thbology

 1．6 Biomimetics：From Engineering to Biology and Back

2 Rough Surface Topography

2．1 Rough Surface Characterization

2．2 Statistical Analysis of Random Surface Roughness

2．3 Fractal Surface Roughness-．

2．4 Contact ofRough Solid Surfaces

2．5 Surface Modification

2．5．1 Surface Texturing．

2．5．2 Layer Deposition

2．6 Summary

3 Mechanisms of Dry Friction，Their Scaling and Linear Properties

 3．1 Approaches to the Multiscale Nature of Fricfion

 3．2 Mechanisms ofDry Fricfion

3．2．1 Adhesive Friction．

3．2．2 Deformation ofAsperities

3．2．3 Plastic Yield

3．2．4 Fracture．

3．2．5 Ratchet and Cobblestone Mechanisms

3．2．6 “Third Body”Mechanism

3．2．7 Discussion

3．3 Friction as a Linear Phenomenon

3．3．1 Friction．Controlled bv Real Area of Contact

3．3．2 Fricrion Controlled by Average Surface Slope

3．3．3 Other Explanations of the Linearity of Fricfion

3．3．4 Linearity and the“Small Parameter

3．4 Summary

4 Friction as a Nonlinear Hierarchical Phenomenon．

4．1 Nonlinear Efiects in Dry Fricfion

4．1．1 Nonlinearity of the AmontonsCoulomb Rule

4．1．2 Dynamic Instabilities Associated with the Nonlinearity

4．1．3 Velocity—Dependence and Dynamic Fricfion

4．1．4 Interdependence of the Load．，Size一，and Velocity—

Dependence ofthe Coe衔cient Of刚ction

4．1．5 StickSlip Morion

4．1．6 Self-Organized Criticality

4．2 Nonlinearity and Hierarchy

4．3 Heterogeneity．Hierarchy and Energy Dissipation

4．3．1 Ideal VS．RealContact Situations．

4-3．2 Measure of Inhomogeneity and Dissipation at Various

Hierarchy Levels

4．3．3 Order-Parameter and Mesoscopic Functional

4．3．4 Kinetics ofthe Atomic—Scale Fricfion

4．4 Mapping of Fricrion at Various Hierarchy Levels

4．5 Summary

Part II Solid-Liquid Friction and Superhydrophobicity

5 Solid-Liquid Interaction and Capillary Effects

5．1 Three Phase States ofMatter

5．2 Phase Equilibrium and Stability

5．3 Water Phase Diagram at the Nanoscale

5．4 Surface Free Energy and the Laplace Equation

5．5 ContactAngle andtheYoungEquation

5．6 Kelvin’S Equation．

5．7 Capillary Effects and Stability Issues

5．8 Summary

6 Roughness-Induced Superhydrophobicity

6．1 The Phenomenon ofSuperhydrophobicity

6．2 Contact Angle Analysis

6．3 Heterogeneous Surfaces and Wenzel and Cassie Equations

6．3．1 Contact Angle with a Rough and Heterogeneous Surfaces

6．3．2 The Cassie-Baxter Equation

6．3．3 Limitations of the Wlenzel and Cassie Equations

6．3．4 Range of Applicability of the Wenzel and Cassie Equations

6．4 Calculation ofthe Contact Angle for Selected Surfaces

6．4．1 TwO．Dimensional Periodic Profiles

6．4．2 Three—Dimensional Surfaces

6．4．3 Surface Optimization forMaximum ContactAngle

6．5 Contact Angle Hysteresis

6．5．1 Origin OftheC0ntactAngleHysteresis

6．5．2 Pinning ofthe Tripie Line

6．5．3 Contact Angle Hysteresis and the Adhesion Hysteresis

6．6 Summary

7 Stability of the Composite Interface，Roughness and Meniscus Force

7．1 DestabilizationoftheCompositeInterface．

7．1．1 Destabilization Due to Capillary and Gravitational Wlaves

7．1．2 Probabilistic Model

7．1．3 Analysis ofRough Profiles

7．1．4 Eflfect ofDroplet Weight

7．2 Contact Angle wim Three—Dimensional Solid Harmonic Surface

7．2．1 Three．Dimensional Harmonic Rough Surface

7．2．2 Calculations oftheCOntactAreas

7．2．3 Metastable States

7．2．4 Overall Contact Angle

7．2．5 Discussion ofResults

7．2．6 The Similarity OfBubbles and Droplets

7．3 CapillaryAdhesionForceDuetOtheMeniscus

7．3．1 SphereinContactwith aSmoothSurface

7．3．2 Multiple—Asperity Contact

7．4 Roughness Optimization

7．5 Effect oftheHierarchicalRoughness

7．5．1 Hierarchical Roughness

7．5．2 Stabilitv of a Composite Interface and Hierarchical Roughness

7．5．3 Hierarchical Roughness

7．5．4 Results and Discussion

7．6 Summary

8 Cassie-Wenzei Wetting Regime Transition．

8．1 The Cassie-Wenzel Transition and the Contact Angle Hysteresis

8．2 Experimental Study of the Cassie—Wenzel Transition

8．3 Wetting as aMultiscalePhenomenon

8．4 Investigation ofWetting as a Phase Transition

8．5 Reversible Superhydrophobicity

8．6 Summary．

9 Underwater Superhydrophobicity and Dynamic Effects

9．1 Superhydrophobicity for the Liquid Flow

9．2 Nanobubbles and Hydrophobic Interaction

9．3 Bouncing Droplets

9．4 Droplet on a Hot Surface：the Leidenfrost Effect

9．5 A Droplet on an Inclined Surface

9．6 Summary

Part IH Biological and Biomimetic Surfaces

10 Lotus-EffectandWater-RepellentSurfacesinNature．

10．1 Water-Repellent Plants．

10．2 Characterization of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Leaf Surfaces

10．2．1 Experimental Techniques

10．2．2 Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Leaves

10．2．3 Contact Angle Measurements．

10．2．4 Surface Characterization Using an Optical Profiler．

10．2．5 LeafCharacterization with an AFM

10．2．6 Adhesion Force and Friction

10．2．7 Role ofthe Hierarchy

10．3 OtherBiological Superhydrophobic Surfaces

10．4 Summary

11 Artificial(Biomimetic)Superhydrophobic Surfaces

11．1 How to Make a Superhydrophobic Surface

11．1．1 Roughening to Create One．Level Structure

11．1．2 Coating to Create One．Level Hydrophobic Structures

11．1．3 Methods to Create Two—Level(Hierarchicall

Superhydrophobic Structures

11．2 Experimental Techniques

11．2．1 Contact Angle，Surface Roughness，and Adhesion

11．2．2 MeasurementofDropletEvaporation

11．2．3 Measurement ofContact Angle Using ESEM

11．3 Wetting ofMicro-and Nanopattemed Surfaces

11．3．1 Micro—and Nanopatterned Polymers

11．3．2 Micropatterned Si Surfaces

11．4 Self-cleaning

11．5 Commercially Available Lotus．Effect Products

11．6 Summary

12 Gecko-Effect and Smart Adhesion

12．1 Gecko

12．2 Hierarchical Structure of the Attachment Pads

12．3 Model of Hierarchical Attachment Pads

12．4 Biomimetic Fibrillar Structures

12．5 Self-cleaning

12．6 BiomimeticTapeMadeofArtificialGeckoSkin

12．7 Summary

13 Other Biomimetic Surfaces

13．1 Hierarchical Organization in Biomaterials

13．2 Moth-Eye．Effect

13．3 Shark Skin

13．4 Darkling Beetle

13．5 Water Strider

13．6 Spider Web

13．7 Other Biomimetic Examples

13．8 Summary

14 Outlook

References

Index

《多尺度耗散机制与分级表面－－摩擦超疏水性与仿生（影印版）》的作者是诺索诺夫斯基和布尚。

《多尺度耗散机制与分级表面－－摩擦超疏水性与仿生（影印版）》这本书的目的是作为一个工程概论的发展领域仿生表面的层次结构。在微观研究进展与纳米科学揭示了越来越多的表面和分层结构，这是纳米尺度的细节，细节上叠加，有时叠加在大尺度的细节。这种层次结构是必需的某些功能，如实现非常低或非常高的摩擦和粘附性和防水性。摩擦，粘附性，和润湿性是一个复杂的过程，涉及到的影响在不同规模水平具有不同特征尺度的长度。工程师们正试图模仿自然为设计具有所需性质的人工表面，称为仿生和仿生通过·这场称为仿生学。

为有力推动我国物理学研究、加快相关学科的建设与发展，特别是展现近年来中国物理学者的研究水平和成果，北京大学出版社在国家出版基金的支持下推出了“中外物理学精品书系”，试图对以上难题进行大胆的尝试和探索。该书系编委会集结了数十位来自内地和香港顶尖高校及科研院所的知名专家学者。他们都是目前该领域十分活跃的专家，确保了整套丛书的权威性和前瞻性。

这套书系内容丰富，涵盖面广，可读性强，其中既有对我国传统物理学发展的梳理和总结，也有对正在蓬勃发展的物理学前沿的全面展示；既引进和介绍了世界物理学研究的发展动态，也面向国际主流领域传播中国物理的优秀专著。可以说，“中外物理学精品书系”力图完整呈现近现代世界和中国物理科学发展的全貌，是一部目前国内为数不多的兼具学术价值和阅读乐趣的经典物理丛书。诺索诺夫斯基和布尚的《《多尺度耗散机制与分级表面－－摩擦超疏水性与仿生（影印版）》》就是其中一本。