The neurochemical basis of pain relief by acupuncture is a book series reflecting the achievement of the research work going on in the Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University since 1965.The vol-ume one was published in 1987, collecting the papers published in the period of 1973-1987.This was fol-lowed by the second edition recruiting papers published in the period of 1987-1997, in which the research field had been broadened to include acupuncture treatment of drug addiction as well as a small part for the opioid modulation of cardiovascular activities.The current volume (volume 3) collected papers published in the recent 10 years (1997-2006).The scope of research was further broadened to the study of acupunc-ture treatment of Parkinson's disease and obesity.

1 OVERVIEW

 1.1 Acupuncture activates endogenous systems of analgesia

 1.2 Acupuncture anesthesia (AA) versus acupuncture-assisted anesthesia (AAA)

 1.3 Electroacupuncture: mechanisms and clinical application

 1.4 Acupuncture research & neuroscience development

 1.5 Traditional and evidence-based acupuncture: history, mechanisms, and present status

 1.6 Opioid and antiopioid peptides: a model of Yin-Yang balance in

acupuncture mechanisms of pain modulation

 1.7 Acupuncture: neuropeptide release produced by electrical stimulation of different frequencies

 1.8 Heritability of nociception.HI.Genetic relationships among commonly

used assays of nociception and hypersensitivity

 1.9 The effect of genotype on sensitivity to electroacupuncture analgesia

2 PEPTIDE AND NON-PEPTIDE OPIOID AGONIST

 2.1 Discrimination between peptide and non-peptide opioid agonists

on the transcription of opioid receptors in two cell lines

 2.2 Inhibition of the transcription of u opioid receptor by long-term

exposure of SHSY5Y cell line to peptide and non-peptide opioid agonists

 2.3 The metabolic evidence of synergistic effect between ohmefentanyl

and [D-Pen2, D-PenS]enkephalin on differentiated SH-SY5Y cells in humans

 2.4 The metabolic evidence of synergistic interaction between

DAMGO and DPDPE on undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells

3 ACUTE PAIN

 3.1 Endomorphin-1 mediates 2 Hz but not 100 Hz electroacupuncture analgesia in the rat

 3.2 Endomorphin and u-opioid receptors in mouse brain mediate

the analgesic effect induced by 2 Hz but not 100 Hz electroacupuncture stimulation

 3.3 Acupuncture and endorphins

 3.4 Effects of synchronous or asynchronous electroacupuncture stimulation with low versus high frequency on

spinal opioid release and tail flick nociception

 3.5 Decreased dynorphin A ( 1-17 ) in the spinal

cord of spastic rats after the compressive injury

 3.6 Involvement of ionotropic glutamate receptors in low

frequency electroacupuncture analgesia in rats

 3.7 Characteristics of electroacupuncture-induced analgesia in mice:

variation with strain, requency, intensity and opioid involvement

 3.8 Relations between brain network activation and analgesic effect induced by low vs.high frequency electrical

acupoint stimulation in different subjects: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study

 3.9 Modulation of cold pain in human brain by electric acupoint stimulation: evidence from MRI

 3.10 Evidence from brain imaging with fMRI supporting functional specificity of acupoints in humans

 3.11 Modulation of pain signal processing by electric acupoint

stimulation: an electroencephalogram study

 3.12 Parallel pain processing in freely moving rats revealed by distributed neuron recording

 3.13 Nociceptive responses of anterior cingulate cortical ensembles in behaving rats

 3.14 Differential modulation of nociceptive neural responses in medial and lateral pain pathways by peripheral

electrical stimulation: a multichannel recording study the analysis of cerebral evoked potentials

 3.15 Sliding-window technique for

 3.16 Coding of peripheral electrical stimulation frequency in thalamocortical pathways

 3.17 A controlled study to evaluate the analgesic effect of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation on post-operative

pain in patients of cardiac operation: patient-controlled analgesia as the evaluation criterion

4 CHRONIC PAIN

5 ANTI-OPIOID PEPTIDES AND OPIOID TOLERANCE

6 DRUG DEPENDENCE

7 PARKINSION'S DISEASE

8 OBESITY

APPENDIX 1 Source of Paper

APPENDIX 2 Acupuncture research is part of my life