This new [third] edition provides the sharpest and most exciting access toDarwin we have ever had. Professor Appleman knows more about Darwinand his commentators than anyone around, and he offers us here a cannyand generous way to read and to teach what Darwin said and what othershave imagined he said. This edition allows us to hear and to speak to thepast as no other I know; it shows all of us, any of us interested in the heartof our intellectual heritage, how that heritage is sustained, manipulated,and honored.

Preface

Part Ⅰ： Introduction

  Philip Appleman · Darwin： On Changing the Mind (2000)

Part Ⅱ： Darwin's Life

  Ernst Mayr · Who Is Darwin? (1991)

Part Ⅲ： Scientific Thought： Just before Darwin

  Gavin de Beer · Biology before the Beagle (1964)

  Thomas Robert Malthus · An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798)

  William Paley · Natural Theology (1802)

  Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet Lamarck · Zoological Philosophy (1809)

  Charles Lyell · Principles of Geology (1830-33)

  John Herschel · The Study of Natural Philosophy (1830)

  William Whewell · Astronomy and General Physics Considered with Reference to Natural Theology (1833)

  Alfred Russel Wallace · On the Tendency of Varieties to Depart Indefinitely from the Original Type (1858)

Part IV： Selections from Darwin's Work

  The Voyage of the Beagle (1845)

Chapter Ⅰ. St. Jago-Cape de Verd Islands

Chapter ⅩⅦ. Galapagos Archipelago

  On the Tendency of Species to Form Varieties; and On the

   Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural

   Means of Selection (1858)

Ⅰ. Extract from an unpublished Work on Species, by

   C. Darwin, Esq.

Ⅱ. Abstract of a Letter from C. Darwin, Esq., to Prof. Asa

   Gray, Boston, U.S., dated Down, September 5th, 1857

 An Historical Sketch of the Progress of Opinion on the

   Origin of Species, previously to the Publication of

   This Work (1861)

 The Origin of Species (1859)

Introduction

Chapter Ⅰ. Variation under Domestication

Chapter Ⅱ. Variation under Nature

Chapter Ⅲ. Struggle for Existence

Chapter Ⅳ. Natural Selection

Chapter Ⅵ. Difficulties on Theory

Chapter Ⅸ. On the Imperfections of the Geological Record

Chapter ⅪⅡ. Mutual Affinities of Organic Beings：

   Morphology： Embryology： Rudimentary Organs

Chapter ⅪⅤ. Recapitulation and Conclusion

 The Descent of Man (1871)

Introduction

Chapter Ⅰ. The Evidence of the Descent of Man from Some Lower Form

Chapter Ⅱ. On the Manner of Development of Man from Some Lower Form

Chapter Ⅲ. Comparison of the Mental Powers of Man and the Lower Animals

Chapter Ⅵ. On the Affinities and Genealogy of Man

Chapter ⅦⅠ. Principles of Sexual Selection

Chapter ⅪⅩ. Secondary Sexual Characters of Man

Chapter ⅩⅩ. Secondary Sexual Characters of Mancontinued

Chapter ⅩⅪ. General Summary and Conclusion

Part Ⅴ： Darwin's Influence on Science

 The Victorian Opposition to Darwin

David L. Hull · Darwin and His Critics (1983)

Adam Sedgwick · Objections to Mr. Darwin's Theory of the Origin of Species (1860)

Richard Owen · Darwin on the Origin of Species(1860)

Fleeming Jenkin · Review of the Origin of Species (1867)

 Victorian Supporters of Darwin

Joseph Dalton Hooker · Flora Tasmaniae (1859)

Thomas Henry Huxley · On the Relations of Man to the Lower Animals (1863)

Charles Lyell · Principles of Geology (1867)

Alfred Russel Wallace · The Debt of Science to Darwin (1883)

  Darwin and the Shaping of Modern Science

SCIENTIFIC METHOD IN EVOLUTION

National Academy of Sciences · Evolution and the Nature of Science (1999)

Richard Dawkins · Explaining the Very Improbable (1987)

Lewis Thomas · On the Uncertainty of Science (1980)

Noretta Koertge · Postmodernisms and the Problem of Scientific Literacy (1998)

Richard Dawkins · Science and Sensibility (1999)

THE NEO-DARWlNIAN SYNTHESIS

Peter Bowler · The Evolutionary Synthesis (1984)

THE HUMAN GENEALOGY

Adam Kuper * The Chosen Primate (1994)

Ian Tattersall · Out of Africa Again . . . and Again? (1997)

Stephen Jay Gould · The Human Difference (1999)

PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM

Stephen Jay Gould · [On Punctuated Equilibrium] (1991)

Niles Eldredge · The Great Stasis Debate (1995)

RETHINKING TAXONOMY

Kevin Padian · Darwin's Views of Classification (1999)

David L. Hull * Cladistic Analysis (1988)

Kevin Padian and Luis M. Chiappe * [Cladistics in Action： The Origin of Birds and Their Flight] (1998)

EVOLUTION AS OBSERVABLE FACT

James L. Gould and William T. Keeton with Carol Grant Gould · How Natural Selection Operates (1996)

Peter R. Grant · Natural Selection and Darwin's Finches(1991)

John A. Endler · Natural Selection in the Wild (1986)

Part VI： Darwinian Patterns in Social Thought

 Competition and Cooperation

Richard Hofstadter * The Vogue of Spencer (1955)

Andrew Carnegie · The Gospel of Wealth (1900)

Peter Kropotkin · Mutual Aid (1902)

Martin A. Nowak, Robert M. May, and Karl Signmnd ·The Arithmetics of Mutual Help (1995)

 Nature and Nurture

Edward O. Wilson · Sociobiology： The New Synthesis(1975)

Stephen Jay Gould * Biological Potentiality vs. Biological Determinism (1977)

Barbara Ehrenreich and Janet Mclntosh · The New Creationism： Biology under Attack (1997)

 Evolution and Gender

Elizabeth Cady Stanton · The Woman's Bible (1898)

Nancy Makepeace Tanner · On Becoming Human (1981)

Evelleen Richards · Darwin and the Descent of Woman (1983)

James Eli Adams · Woman Red in Tooth and Claw (1989)

 Evolution and Other Disciplines

Edward O. Wilson · [On Consilience] (1998)

Randolph M. Nesse and George C. Williams · Evolution and the Origins of Disease (1998)

Steven Pinker · How the Mind Works (1997)

Steve Jones · The Set within the Skull (1997)

Part VII： Darwinian Influences in Philosophy and Ethics

John Dewey · The Influence of Darwin on Philosophy(1909)

Daniel C. Dennett · Darwin's Dangerous Idea： Natural Selection as an Algorithmic Process (1995)

Michael Ruse · Darwinian Epistemology (1998)

Thomas Henry Huxley · Evolution and Ethics (1893)

Julian Huxley · Evolutionary Ethics (1943)

Michael Ruse and Edward O. Wilson · The Evolution of Ethics (1985)

Frans de Waal · Good Natured： The Origin of Right and Wrong in Humans and Other Animals (1996)

Matt Ridley · The Origins of Virtue (1997)

Part VIII： Evolutionary Theory and Religious Theory

 Mainstream Religious Support for Evolution

Pope John Paul II · Message to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences (1996)

Central Conference of American Rabbis · On Creationism in School Textbooks (1984)

United Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. · Evolution and Creationism (1982)

The Lutheran World Federation · [Statement on Evolution] (1965)

The General Convention of the Episcopal Church · Resolution on Evolutionism and Creationism (1982)

Unitarian Universalist Association · Resolution Opposing "Scientific Creationism" (1982)

  Fundamentalist Creationism

Eugenie C. Scott · Antievolution and Creationism in the United States (1997)

The Scopes Trial (1925)

Thomas Mclver · Orthodox lewish Creationists (2000)

ttarun Yahya · [Islamic Creationism] (1997)

Swami Srila Prabhupada · [A Hare Krishna on Darwinian Evolution] (1977)

Institute for Creation Research · Tenets of Creationism(1998)

ttenry M. Morris · Scientific Creationism (1985)

Thomas ]. Wheeler · Review of Morris (1992)

Richard D. Sjolund and Betty McCollister · Evolution at the Grass Roots (1998)

  Richard D. Sjolund · [Creationism versus Biotechnology] (1998)

  Betty McCollistcr · [The Politics of Creationism] (1998)

 Molleen Matsumura · What Do Christians Really Believe about Evolution? (1998)

 National Center for Science Education · Seven Significant Court Decisions Regarding Evolution/Creation Issues (1998)

Personal Incredulity and Antievolutionism

Richard Dawkins · [The Argument from Personal Incredulity] (1987)

Phillip E. Johnson · Darwin oi1 Trial (1991)

Eugenie C. Scott · Review of Johnson (1992)

Michael Behe · Darwin's Black Box (1996)

Robert Dorit · Review of Behe (1997)

Michael Ruse · Darwin's New Critics on Trial (1998)

Scientists' Opposition to Creationism

American Association for the Advancement of Science · Forced Teaching of Creationist Beliefs in Public School Science Education (1982)

American Institute of Biological Sciences · Resolution Opposing Creationism in Science Courses (1999)

National Association of Biology Teachers · Statement on Teaching Evolution (1998)

National Academy of Sciences · Frequently Asked Questions about Evolution and the Nature of Science (1998)

 Fundamentalist Creationism and the Valne of Satire

Michael Shermer · Genesis Revisited： A Scientific Creation Story (1998)

Philip Appleman · Darwin's Ark (1984)

Part IX： Darwin and the Literary Mind

 Darwin's Literary Sensibility Charles Darwin · Autobiography (1876)

 L. Robert Stevens · Darwin's Humane Reading (1982)

 George Levine · Darwin and Pain： Why Science Made Shakespeare Nauseating (1995)

 Gillian Beer · Darwin's Plots (1983)

Darwin's Influence on Literature

 Lionel Stevenson · Darwin among the Poets (1932)

 George Levine · Darwin among the Novelists (1988)

 Joseph Wood Krutch · The Tragic Fallacy (1929)

 Herbert J. Muller · Modern Tragedy (1956)

 Philip Appleman · Darwin-Sightings in Recent Literature (2000)

Selected Readings

Index