Chapter One International Trade
1.1 International Trade
1.2 Definition of International Trade
l.3 Reasons for International Trade
1.3.1 Resource Reasons
1.3.2 Economic Reasons
1.3.3 Other Reasons
1.4 The Differences Between International Trade and Domestic Trade
1.5 Forms of International Trade
1.5.1 Export Trade, Import Trade and Transit Trade
1.5.2 Direct Trade,Indirect Trade and Entrepot Trade
1.5.3 Visible Goods Trade and Invisible Goods Trade
1.5.4 Barter Trade and Free-liquidation Trade
1.6 Benefits from International Trade
1.6.1 Economic Growth
1.6.2 Cheaper Goods and Services
1.6.3 Greater Variety
Technical Terms
Exercises
Chapter Two Intemational Business Correspondence
2.1 The Essence of Business Letters
2.2 Elements of Business Letters
2.2.1 Letterhead
2.2.2 Reference
2.2.3 Date
2.2.4 Inside Address
2.2.5 Attention Line
2.2.6 Salutation
2.2.7 Subject Line
2.2.8 Body of a Letter
2.2.9 Complimentary Close
2.2.10 Signature
2.2.11 IEC (Initials,Enclosures and Carbon Copies Block)
2.2.12 Postscript
2.3 Envelope Addressing
2.4 Business Letter Format and Outline
2.4.1 Format
2.4.2 Outline
2.5 Basic Principles for Business Letters
Specimen Letters
Technical Terms
Exercises
Chapter Three International Trade Terms
3.1 Components of Trade Terms
3.2 INCOTERMS
3.2.1 Scope of INCOTERMS
3.2.2 Structure of INCOTERMS 2000
3.2.3 Common Issues
3.3 Interpretation of Trade Terms in INCOTERMS 2000
3.3.1 Group E--Departure
3.3.2 Group F--Main Carriage Unpaid (by Seller)
3.3.3 Group C--Main Carriage Paid (by Seller)
3.5.4 Group D--Arrival
3.4 Contrasts between FOB,CFR and CIF
3.5 Considerations for Choosing Trade Terms
Technical Terms
Exercises
Chapter Four Establishing Business Relations
4.1 The Significance of Establishing Business Relations
4.2 The Channels of Establishing Business Relations
4.3 Information Collection of the Prospective Clients
4.4 Some Skills in Establishing Business Relations
4.4.1 Skills for Writing a First Letter to a Prospective Corporation
4.4.2 Skills for Replying a Letter
Specimen Letters
Skill Training
Technical Terms
Exercises
Chapter Five Enquiry and Offer
5.1 Enquiry
5.2 Offer
5.2.1 Firm Offer
5.2.2 Non-firm Offer
5.2.3 Proforma Invoice:a Special Offer
5.3 Counter-Offer
5.4 Counter-Counter-Offer
Specimen Letters
Skill Training
Technical Terms
Exercises
Chapter Six Acceptance, Order and Business Contract
6.1 Acceptance
6.2 Order
6.3 Business Contract
6.3.1 Contracts
6.3.2 Confirmation
6.3.3 Significance and Function of Contract
Specimen Letters
Skill Training
Technical Terms
Exercises
Chapter Seven International Payment
7.1 Nature of International Payment
7.2 Instruments of International Payment
7.2.1 Draft
7.2.2 Promissory Note
7.2.3 Cheek
7.3 Methods of International Payment
7.3.1 Cash in Advance
7.3.2 Documentary Letter of Credit
7.3.3 Documentary Collection
7.3.4 Open Account
Specimen Letters
Skill Training
Technical Terms
Exercises
Chapter Eight Letter of Credit
8.1 Nature of Letters of Credit
8.2 Procedures of Letter of Credit Operations
8.2.1 Issuance of Letter of Credit
8.2.2 Amendment of Letters of Credit
8.2.3 Utilization of Letters of Credit
8.3 Considerations in Using L/C
8.3.1 Points for Attention in Using L/C
8.3.2 L/C Risks and L/C Risk Prevention
Specimen Letters
Skill Training
Technical Terms
Exercises
Chapter Nine International Cargo Transportation
9.1 Ocean Transportation
9.1.1 Liner Transportation
9.1.2 Charter Transportation
9.2 Shipping Documents
9.2.1 Packing List
9.2.2 Booking Note
9.2.3 Shipping Order
9.2.4 Mate's Receipt
9.2.5 Bill of Lading
9.3 Clause of Shipment
9.3.1 Packing and Marking
9.3.2 Time of Shipment and Time of Delivery
9.3.3 Port of Shipment and Port of Destination
9.3.4 Partial Shipment and Transshipment
9.3.5 Shipping Instruction and Shipping Advice
9.4 Other Modes of Transportation
Specimen Letters
Skill Training
Technical Terms
Exercises
Chapter Ten Insurance
10.1 Fundamental Principles of Cargo Insurance
10.2 Risks and Losses in Cargo Transport
10.2.1 Risks
10.2.2 Losses
10.2.3 Expenses
10.3 Ocean Marine Insurance under C.I.C
10.3.1 Basic Risks Coverage
10.3.2 Additional Risks Coverage
10.4 Insurance Practice of International Trade
10.4.1 Insured Amount
10.4.2 Insurance Premium
10.4.3 Insurance Document
Specimen Letters
Skill Training
Technical Terms
Exercises
Chapter Eleven Inspection,Claim, Force Majeure and Arbitration
11.1 Commodity Inspection
11.1.1 P]ace and Time of Inspection
11.1.2 Inspection Bodies
11.1.3 Inspection Standards
11.1.4 Major Inspection Certificates
11.1.5 Inspection Clause in the Sales Contracts
11.2 Complaints and Claims
11.2.1 Types of Claim
11.2.2 Claim Clause in Sales Contracts
11.3 Force Majeure
11.3.1 Consequences of Force Majeure
11.3.2 Force Majeure Clause in Sales Contracts
11.4 Arbitration
11.4.1 The Definition of Arbitration
11.4.2 Features of the Arbitration
11.4.3 Arbitration Procedures
11.4.4 Arbitration Clause in Sales Contracts
Specimen Letters
Skill Training
Technical Terms
Exercises
Chapter Twelve Import and Export Procedures
12.1 General Procedures of Export Transaction
12.1.1 Preparations for Exporting
12.1.2 Negotiation of a Sales Contract
12.1.3 Performance of the Contract
12.1.4 Settlement of Disputes
12.1.5 Flowchart of Export Procedure
12.2 General Procedures of Import Transaction
12.2.1 Preparations for Importing
12.2.2 Trade Negotiation
12.2.3 Performance of the Contract
12.2.4 Settlement of Disputes
12.3 Export Documentation
12.3.1 Role of Documentation
12.3.2 Export Documents
Technical Terms
Exercises