约翰·洛克，英国哲学家，经验主义代表人物之一，对政治和哲学领域的发展做出了巨大的贡献，是全面论证宪政民主思想的第一位作家。《政府论》成书于1688年英国“光荣革命”前后。全书分为上下两篇。上篇通过论证“天赋自由和平等”，驳斥了“君权神授”和“王位世袭”论；下篇从自然状态、社会契约论、政治社会和政府的组建等方面正面阐述政府理论。

《政府论》试图以自然法学说阐明国家的起源和本质问题。他从自然状态出发，批判封建集权制度，主张私有财产的不可侵犯、国家基于契约、立法权为最高权力、国家权力分立和人民有权反抗暴政等。洛克的《政府论》在资产阶级政治思想上曾产生很大的影响，也使他成为古典自由主义思想的集大成者。

1 OF GOVERNMENT BOOK I

 1.1 CHAP.I

 1.2 CHAP.II.Of Paternal and Regal Power

 1.3 CHAP.III.Of Adam's Title to Sovereignty by Creation

 1.4 CHAP.IV.Of Adam's Title to Sovereignty by Donation, Gen.i.28

 1.5 CHAP.V.Of Adam's Title to Sovereignty by the Subjection of Eve

 1.6 CHAP.VI.Of Adam's Title to Sovereignty by Fatherhood

 1.7 CHAP.VII.Of Fatherhood and Property considered together as Fountains of Sovereignty.

 1.8 CHAP.VIII.Of the Conveyance of Adam's sovereign Monarchical Power

 1.9 CHAP.IX.Of Monarchy, by Inheritance from Adam

 1.10 CHAP.X.Of the Heir to Adam's Monarchical Power

 1.11 CHAP.XI.Who Heir?

2 OF CIVIL-GOVERNMENT BOOK II

 2.1 CHAP.I

 2.2 CHAP.II.Of the State of Nature

 2.3 CHAP.III.Of the State of War

 2.4 CHAP.IV.Of SLAVERY

 2.5 CHAP.V.Of PROPERTY

 2.6 CHAP.VI.Of Paternal Power

 2.7 CHAP.VII.Of Political or Civil Society

 2.8 CHAP.VIII.Of the Beginning of Political Societies

 2.9 CHAP.IX.Of the Ends of Political Society and Government

 2.10 CHAP.X.Of the Forms of a Common-wealth

 2.11 CHAP.XI.Of the Extent of the Legislative Power

 2.12 CHAP.XII.Of the Legislative, Executive, and Federative Power of the Common-wealth

 2.13 CHAP.XIII.Of the Subordination of the Powers of the Commonwealth

 2.14 CHAP.XIV.Of PREROGATIVE

 2.15 CHAP.XV.Of Paternal, Political, and Despotical Power, considered together

 2.16 CHAP.XVI.Of CONQUEST

 2.17 CHAP.XVII.Of USURPATION

 2.18 CHAP.XVIII.Of TYRANNY

 2.19 CHAP.XIX.Of the Dissolution of Government