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书名 几何
分类 科学技术-自然科学-数学
作者 (美)哈茨霍恩
出版社 世界图书出版公司
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《几何英文(影印版)》是一部本科生水平的几何教程。通过本书可以了解作者Robin Hartshorne的思想以及作者在该领域做出的重大贡献。书中首先讲述欧几里得基础知识,然后进一步引导读者了解欧几里得几何的关键性内容、近期发展和更多的最新结果,许多证明可以加深对内容的理解。内容有坐标的引入、区域理论、几何学结构和有限场扩展、平行公设历史、多种非欧几里得几何和规则半规则多面体。本书是数学专业中等及以上水平读者很难得的一本入门书籍。

目录

Introduction

Chapter 1. Euclid's Geometry

 l. A First Look at Euclid's Elements

 2. Ruler and Compass Constructions

 3. Euclid's Axiomatic Method

 4. Construction of the Regular Pentagon

 5. Some Newer Results

Chapter 2. Hilbert's Axioms

 6. Axioms of Incidence

 7. AxiOms of Betweenness

 8. Axioms of Congruence for Line Segments

 9. Axioms of Congruence for Angles

 10. Hilbert Planes

 11. Intersection of Lines and Circles

 12. Euclidean Planes

Chapter 3. Geometry over Fields

 13. The Real Cartesian Plane

 14. Abstract Fields and Incidence

 15. Ordered Fields and Betweenness

 16. Congruence of Segments and Angles

 17. Rigid Motions and SAS

 18. Non-Archimedean Geometry

Chapter 4. Segment Arithmetic

 19. Addition and Multiplication of Line Segments

 20. Similar Triangles

 21. Introduction of Coordinates

Chapter 5. Area

 22. Area in Euclid's Geometry

 23. Measure of Area Functions

 24. Dissection

 25. Quadratura Circuli

 26. Euclid's Theory of Volume

 27. Hilbert's Third Problem

Chapter 6. Construction Problems and Field Extensions

 28. Three Famous Problems

 29. The Regular 17-Sided Polygon

 30. Constructions with Compass and Marked Ruler

 31. Cubic and Quartic Equations

 32. Appendix: Finite Field Extensions

Chapter 7. Non-Euclidean Geometry

 33. History of the Parallel Postulate

 34. Neutral Geometry

 35. Archimedean Neutral Geometry

 36. Non-Euclidean Area

 37. Circular Inversion

 38. Digression: Circles Determined by Three Conditions

 39. The Poincare Model

 40. Hyperbolic Geometry

 41. Hilbert's Arithmetic of Ends

 42. Hyperbolic Trigonometry

 43. Characterization of Hilbert Planes

Chapter 8. Polyhedra

 44. The Five Regular Solids

 45. Euler's and Cauchy's Theorems

 46. Semiregular and Face-Regular Polyhedra

 47. Symmetry Groups of Polyhedra

Appendix: Brief Euclid

Notes

References

List of Axioms

Index of Euclid's Propositions

Index

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