本书是一本非常实用的计算流体动力学教材，它以简明、清晰的语言介绍了计算流体动力学的基本原理、控制方程、边界条件、湍流及其模式、有限体积法等。在保持第一版基本结构和写作风格基础上，增加了一部分介绍CFD重要发展；在处理流体流方面，增加了支持LES和DNS的基本观点的综述，使得内容结构更加完整。重点介绍了目前在各类流行商业软件中普遍采用的基于压力求解体系的有限体积法。本书的最大特点是弥补了理论与商用软件之间的差距，使读者通过该书的学习能够掌握应用广泛的PHOENICS，FLOW-3D和STAR-CD等计算编码中的基本理论。

Preface

Acknowledgements

1 Introduction

 1.1 What is CFD?

 1.2 How does a CFD code work?

 1.3 Problem solving with CFD

 1.4 Scope of this book

2 Conservation laws of fluid motion and boundary conditions

 2.1 Governing equations of fluid flow and heat transfer

2.1.1 Mass conservation in three dimensions

2.1.2 Rates of change following a fluid particle and for a fluid element

2.1.3 Momentum equation in three dimensions

2.1.4 Energy equation in three dimensions

 2.2 Equations of state

 2.3 Navier-Stokes equations for a Newtonian fluid

 2.4 Conservative form of the governing equations of fluid flow

 2.5 Differential and integral forms of the general transport equations

 2.6 Classification of physical behaviours

 2.7 The role of characteristics in hyperbolic equations

 2.8 Classification method for simple PDEs

 2.9 Classification of fluid flow equations

 2.10 Auxiliary conditions for viscous fluid flow equations

 2.11 Problems in transonic and supersonic compressible flows

 2.12 Summary

3 Turbulence and its modelling

 3.4 Characteristics of simple turbulent flows

3.4.1 Free turbulent flows

3.4.2 Flat plate boundary layer and pipe flow

3.4.3 Summary

 3.5 The effect of turbulent fluctuations on properties of the mean flow

 3.6 Turbulent flow calculations

 3.7 Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and classical turbulence models

3.7.1 Mixing length model

3.7.2 The k-§ model

3.7.3 Reynolds stress equation models

3.7.4 Advanced turbulence models

3.7.5 Closing remarks - RANS turbulence models

 3.8  Large eddy simulation

3.8.1 Spacial filtering of unsteady Navier-Stokes equations

3.8.2 Smagorinksy-Lilly SGS model

3.8.3 Higher-order SGS models

3.8.4 Advanced SGS models

3.8.5 Initial and boundary conditions for LES

3.8.6 LES applications in flows with complex geometry

3.8.7 General comments on performance of LES

 3.9 Direct numerical simulation

3.9.1 Numerical issues in DNS

3.9.2 Some achievements of DNS

 3.10 Summary

4 The finite volume method for diffusion problems

 4.1 Introduction

 4.2 Finite volume method for one-dimensional steady state diffusion

 4.3 Worked examples: one-dimensional steady state diffusion

 4.4 Finite volume method for two-dimensional diffusion problems

 4.5 Finite volume method for three-dimensional diffusion problems

 4.6 Summary

5 The finite volume method for convection-diffusion problems

5.4.1 Conservativeness

5.4.2 Boundedness

5.4.3 Transportiveness

 5.5 Assessment of the central differencing scheme for convectiondiffusion problems

 5.6 The upwind differencing scheme

5.6.1 Assessment of the upwind differencing scheme

 5.7 The hybrid differencing scheme

5.7.1 Assessment of the hybrid differencing scheme

5.7.2 Hybrid differencing scheme for multi-dimensional convection-diffusion

 5.8 The power-law scheme

 5.9 Higher-order differencing schemes for convection-diffusion problems

5.9.1 Quadratic upwind differencing scheme: the QUICK scheme

5.9.2 Assessment of the QUICK scheme

5.9.3 Stability problems of the QUICK scheme and remedies

5.9.4 General comments on the QUICK differencing scheme

 5.10 TVD schemes

5.10.1 Generalisation of upwind-biased discretisation schemes

5.10.2 Total variation and TVD schemes

5.10.3 Criteria for TVD schemes

5.10.4 Flux limiter functions

5.10.5 Implementation of TVD schemes

5.10.6 Evaluation of TVD schemes

 5.11 Summary

6 Solution algorithms for pressure-velocity

 6.1 Introduction

 6.2 The staggered grid

 6.3 The momentum equations

 6.4 The SIMPLE algorithm

 6.5 Assembly ora complete method

 6.6 The SIMPLER algorithm

 6.7 The SIMPLEC algorithm

 6.8 The PISO algorithm

 6.9 General comments on SIMPLE, SIMPLER, SIMPLEC and PISO

 6.10 Worked examples of the SIMPLE algorithm

 6.11 Summary

7 Solution of discretised equations

 7.1 Introduction

 7.2 The TDMA

 7.3 Application of the TDMA to two-dimensional problems

 7.4 Application of the TDMA to three-dimensional problems

 7.5 Examples

7.5.1 Closing remarks

 7.6 Point-iterative methods

7.6.1 Jacobi iteration method

7.6.2 G-auss-Seidel iteration method

7.6.3 Relaxation methods

 7.7 Multigrid techniques

7.7.1 An outline ofa multigrid procedure

7.7.2 An illustrative example

7.7.3 Multigrid cycles

7.7.4 Grid generation for the multigrid method

 7.8 Summary

8 the finite volume method for unsteady flows

 8.1 Introduction

 8.2 One-dimensional unsteady heat conduction

8.2.1 Explicit scheme

8.2.2 Crank-Nicolson scheme

8.2.3 The fully implicit scheme

 8.3 Illustrative examples

 8.4 Implicit method for two- and three-dimensional problems

 8.5 Discretisation of transient convection-diffusion equation

 8.6 Worked example of transient convection-diffusion using QUICK differencing

 8.7 Solution procedures for unsteady flow calculations

8.7.1 Transient SIMPLE

8.7.2 The transient PISO algorithm

 8.8 Steady state calculations using the pseudo-transient approach

 8.9 A brief note on other transient schemes

 8.10 Summary

9 Introduction of boundary conditions

 9.1 Introduction

 9.2 Inlet boundary conditions

 9.3 Outlet boundary conditions

 9.4 Wall boundary conditions

 9.5 The constant pressure boundary condition

 9.6 Symmetry boundary condition

 9.7 Periodic or cyclic boundary condition

 9.8 Potential pitfalls and final remarks

10 Errors and uncertainty in CFD modelling

 10.1 Errors and uncertainty in CFD

 10.2 Numerical errors

 10.3 Input uncertainty

 10.4 Physical model uncertainty

 10.5 Verification and validation

 10.6 Guidelines for best practice in CFD

 10.7 Reporting/documentation of CFD simulation inputs and results

 10.8 Summary

11 Methods for dealing with complex geometries

 11.1 Introduction

 11.2 Body-fitted co-ordinate grids for complex geometries

 11.3 Catesian vs.curvilinear grids - an example

 11.4 Curvilinear grids - difficulties

 11.5 Block-structured grids

 11.6 Unstructured grids

 11.7 Discretisation in unstructured grids

 11.8 Discretisafion of the diffusion term

 11.9 Discretisafion of the convective term

 11.10 Treatment of source terms

 11.11 Assembly of discretised equations

 11.12 Example calculations with unstructured grids

 11.13 Pressure-velocity coupling in unstructured meshes

 11.14 Staggered vs.co-located grid arrangements

 11.15 Extension of the face velocity interpolation method to unstructured meshes

 11.16 Summary

12 CFD modelling of combustion

 12.1 Introduction

 12.2 Application of the first law of thermodynamics to a combustion system

 12.3 Enthalpy of formation

 12.4 Some important relationships and properties of gaseous mixtures

 12.5 Stoichiometry

 12.6 Equivalence ratio

 12.7 Adiabatic flame temperature

 12.8 Equilibrium and dissociation

 12.9 Mechanisms of combustion and chemical kinetics

 12.10 Overall reactions and intermediate reactions

 12.11 Reaction rate

 12.12 Detailed mechanisms

 12.13 Reduced mechanisms

 12.14 Governing equations for combusting flows

 12.15 The simple chemical reacting system (SCRS)

 12.16 Modelling of a laminar diffusion flame - an example

 12.17 CFD calculation of turbulent non-premixed combustion

 12.18 SCRS model for turbulent combustion

 12.19 Probability density function approach

 12.20 Beta pdf

 12.21 The chemical equilibrium model

 12.22 Eddy break-up model of combustion

 12.23 Eddy dissipation concept

 12.24 Laminar flamelet model

 12.25 Generation oflaminar, flamelet libraries

 12.26 Statistics of the non-equilibrium parameter

 12.27 Pollutant formation in combustion

 12.28 Modelling of thermal NO formation in combustion

 12.29 Flamelet-based NO modelling

 12.30 An example to illustrate laminar flamelet modelling and NO modelling of a turbulent flame

 12.31 Other models for non-premixed combustion

 12.32 Modelling ofpremixed combustion

 12.33 Summary

13 Numedcal calculation of radiative heat transfer

 13.1 Introduction

 13.2 Governing equations of radiative heat transfer

 13.3 Solution methods

 13.4 Four popular radiation calculation techniques suitable for CFD

13.4.1 The Monte Carlo method

13.4.2 The discrete transfer method

13.4.3 Ray tracing

13.4.4 The discrete ordinates method

13.4.5 The finite volume method

 13.5 Illustrative examples

 13.6 Calculation of radiative properties in gaseous mixtures

 13.7 Summary

Appendix A Accuracy of a flow simulation

Appendix B Non-uniform grids

Appendix C Calculation of source terms

Appendix D Limiter functions used in Chapter 5

Appendix E Derivation of one-dimensional governing equations for steady, incompressible flow through a planar nozzle

Appendix F Alternative derivation for the term (n. grad Ai) in Chapter 11

Appendix G Some examples

Bibliography

Index