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内容推荐 皮特·奥立弗著的《等值不变量和对称性(英文版)》主要介绍了等价、不变量和对称等相关知识,具体为几何基础、李群变换、表示理论、射流与接触变换、微分不变量、微分方程的对称性、变分问题的对称性、等价问题的提法、嘉当等价法、微分系统、Frobenius定理、Cartan-Kahler存在性定理等内容,内容丰富,条理清晰。 本书内容涉及多个数学学科,包括几何、分析、应用数学和代数,提出了一种创新的方法,用于研究在各种数学领域和物理应用中出现的等价和对称问题。建立了求解等价问题的建设性方法,并应用于各种数学学科,包括微分方程、变分问题、流形、黎曼矩阵、多项式和微分算子。 目录 Preface Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Geometric Foundations Manifolds Functions Submanifolds Vector Fields Lie Brackets The Differential Differential Forms Equivalence of Differential Forms 2. Lie Groups Transformation Groups Invariant Subsets and Equations Canonical Forms Invariant Functions Lie Algebras Structure Constants The Exponential Map Subgroups and Subalgebras Infinitesimal Group Actions Classification of Group Actions Infinitesimal Invariance Invariant Vector Fields Lie Derivatives and Invariant Differential Forms The Maurer-Cartan Forms 3. Representation Theory Representations Representations on Function Spaces Multiplier Representations Infinitesimal Multipliers Relative Invariants Classical Invariant Theory 4. Jets and Contact Transformations Transformations and Functions Invariant Functions Jets and Prolongations Total Derivatives Prolongation of Vector Fields Contact Forms Contact Transformations Infinitesimal Contact Transformations Classification of Groups of Contact Transformations 5. Differential Invariants Differential Invariants Dimensional Considerations Infinitesimal Methods Stabilization and Effectiveness Invariant Differential Operators Invariant Differential Forms Several Dependent Variables Several Independent Variables 6. Symmetries of Differential Equations Symmetry Groups and Differential Equations Infinitesimal Methods Integration of Ordinary Differential Equations Characterization of Invariant Differential Equations Lie Determinants Symmetry Classification of Ordinary Differential Equations A Proof of Finite Dimensionality Linearization of Partial Differential Equations Differential Operators Applications to the Geometry of Curves 7. Symmetries of Variational Problems The Calculus of Variations Equivalence of Functionals Invariance of the Euler-Lagrange Equations Symmetries of Variational Problems Invariant Variational Problems Symmetry Classification of Variational Problems First Integrals The Cartan Form Invariant Contact Forms and Evolution Equations 8. Equivalence of Coframes Frames and Coframes The Structure Functions Derived Invariants Classifying Functions The Classifying Manifolds Symmetries of a Coframe Remarks and Extensions 9. Formulation of Equivalence Problems Equivalence Problems Using Differential Forms Coframes and Structure Groups Normalization Overdetermined Equivalence Problems 10. Cartan's Equivalence Method The Structure Equations Absorption and Normalization Equivalence Problems for Differential Operators Fiber-preserving Equivalence of Scalar Lagrangians An Inductive Approach to Equivalence Problems Lagrangian Equivalence under Point Transformations Applications to Classical Invariant Theory Second Order Variational Problems Multi-dimensional Lagrangians 11. Involution Cartan's Test The Transitive Case Divergence Equivalence of First Order Lagrangians The Intrinsic Method Contact Transformations Darboux' Theorem The Intransitive Case Equivalence of Nonclosed Two-Forms 12. Prolongation of Equivalence Problems The Determinate Case Equivalence of Surfaces Conformal Equivalence of Surfaces Equivalence of Riemannian Manifolds The Indeterminate Case Second Order Ordinary Differential Equations 13. Differential Systems Differential Systems and Ideals Equivalence of Differential Systems Vector Field Systems 14. Frobenius' Theorem Vector Field Systems Differential Systems Characteristics and Normal Forms The Technique of the Graph Global Equivalence 15. The Cartan-Kaihler Existence Theorem The Cauchy-Kovalevskaya Existence Theorem Necessary Conditions Sufficient Conditions Applications to Equivalence Problems Involutivity and Transver |