受儒家文化影响，加之历代帝王的提倡，我国形成了传承久远的坛庙祭祀礼仪，奉祀的礼制建筑也应运而生。Sun Dazhang所著的《RITUAL AND CEREMONIOUS BUILDINGS》介绍了分布在这片古老大地上的祭坛、先贤先圣庙及家庙建筑。图版安排自天坛伊始，而终于天坛析谷坛门，以天为始，以天为终，象征中国人以天为大的思想，五岳、四海、先儒、贤哲及诸祖均含于其间，形成圜和圆融的中国坛庙祭祀体系。

Map of Ritual Architecture in China

Guide to the Temple of Confucius in Qufu

Editor's Note

Preface 1

Preface 2

General Introduction

Formation and Historical Development of Ritual Architecture

 --From the Confucian Ritual Concept to the Sacrificial Architecture of the Ming and Qing Dynasties

I. Ritual Architecture and Confucianism

II. Formation and Development of Ritual Architecture

The Forms and Artistic Significance of Ritual Architecture

 --Ritual Architecture for Human Worship and the Worship of Nature From the Imperial Family to that of the Common People

I. Altars and Temples for the Worship of Natural Gods

II. Temples for the Worship of Ancestors

III. Temples of the Sages

IV. Ming Tang and Biyong

V. Artistic Significance

Notes on the Photographs

North China

Lingxing Gate and the Circular Terrace in the Temple of Heaven, Beijing

Circular Terrace in the Temple of Heaven, Beijing

Imperial Heavenly Vault and Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests Viewed from the Circular Terrace

 in the Temple of Heaven, Beijing

Part of the Circular Terrace and Lingxing Gates in the Temple of Heaven, Beijing

Three Arched Gates of the Imperial Heavenly Vault, Beijing

Imperial Heavenly Vault in the Temple of Heaven, Beijing

Echo Wall of the Imperial Heavenly Vault, Beijing

Interior View of the Imperial Heavenly Vault in the Temple of Heaven, Beijing

Caisson Ceiling of the Imperial Heavenly Vault in the Temple of Heaven, Beijing

The Gate of Prayer for Good Harvests and the Stove in the Temple of Heaven, Bei)ing

Incense Burners on the Terrace of Prayer for Grain and Gate of Prayer for Good Harvests

 in the Temple of Heaven, Beijing

Side Halls of the Terrace of Prayer for Grain in the Temple of Heaven, Beijing

Front View of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests in the Temple of Heaven, Beijing

Panoramic View of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests in the Temple of Heaven, Beijing

Interior View of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests in the Temple of Heaven, Beijing

Nails and Handles on the Gate of the Terrace of Prayer for Grain, Temple of Heaven, Beijing

Latticed Doors and Windows of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests in the Temple of

 Heaven, Beijing

Caisson Ceiling of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests in the Temple of Heaven, Beijing

Dougong and Painted Beams of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests in the Temple of

 Heaven, Beijing

Huangqian Hall in the Temple of Heaven, Beijing

Entrance Gate of the Hall for Fasting in the Temple of Heaven, Beijing

Main Hail of the Hall for Fasting in the Temple of Heaven, Beijing

Lingxing Gate on the Eastern Side of the Temple of the Sun, Beijing

Hall for Fasting at the Altar of Earth, Beijing

Five-Colored Earth and Worship Hail at the Altar to the God of the Land and Grain, Beijing

Taisui Hall at the Altar of the God of Agriculture, Beijing

Dacheng Hall in the Temple of Confucius, Beijing

Stone Tablets Inscribed with the Names of Jinshi in the Temple of Confucius, Beijing

Biyong in Guozijian, Beijing

Yuxiang Pavilion in the Temple of the Northern Mountain, Quyang County, Hebei Province

Dening Hail and Balustrades in the Temple of the Northern Mountain, Quyang County,

 Hebei Province

City Wall of the Temple of Confucius and Yangsheng Gate, Qufu, Shandong Province

Stone Tablet for Dismounting, Temple of Confucius, Qufu, Shandong Province

Temple of Confucius and City Wall, Qufu County, Sbandong Province

Jinsheng Yuzheng Fang and Lingxing Gate in the Temple of Confucius, Qufu,

 Shandong Province

Daoguan Gujin Fang in the Temple of Confucius, Qufu, Shandong Province

Hongdao Men and Bishui Bridge in the Temple of Confucius, Qufu, Shandong Province

View Through Tongwenmen Gate in the Temple of Confucius, Qufu, Shandong Province

Kuiwen Ge in the Temple of Confucius, Qufu, Shandong Province

Pavilions for Housing Stone Stelae in the Temple of Confucius, Qufu, Shandong Province

Pavilions Built inJin Times for Housing Stone Stelae in the Temple of Confucius Qufu,

 Shandong Province

Apricot Terrace in the Temple of Confucius, Qufu, Shandong Province

Front External Columns of Dacheng Hall in the Temple of Confucius, Qufu, Shandong Province

Dacheng Hall in the Temple of Confucius, Qufu, Shandong Province

The Shrine of Confucius and Horizontal Tablet in the Temple of Confucius, Qufu,

 Shandong Province

Caisson Ceiling and Laudatory Tablets in Dacheng Hall of the Temple of Confucius,

 Qufu, Shandong Province

Corner Tower in the Temple of Confucius, Qufu, Shandong Province

Temple of Yan Hui, Qufu, Shandong Province

Stone Archway in the Temple of Mencius, Zouxian County, Shandong Province

Principal Hall in the Temple of Yan Hui, Qufu, Shandong Province

Yasheng Hall in the Temple of Mencius, Zouxian County, Shandong Province

Daimiao Archway and Zhengyangmen Gate in Dalmiao Temple, Tai'an, Shandong Province

Tiankuang Hall in Daimiao Temple, Tai'an, Shandong Province

Mural in the Hall Granted by Heaven in Dalmiao Temple, Tai'an, Shandong Province

Tianzhong Ge in the Temple of the Central Mountain, Dengfeng County, Henan Province

Principal Hall, Temple of the Central Mountain, Dengfeng County, Henan Province

Dacheng Hail, Temple of Confucius,'Pingyao County, Shanxi Province

Bell Tower in the Temple of Lord Guan, Yuncheng County, Shanxi Province

External Eaves and Stone Columns of Chongning Hail, Temple of Lord Guan,

 Yuncheng County, Shanxi Province

Yushu Lou Tower, Temple of Lord Guan, Yuncheng County, Shanxi Province

Shengmu Dian in Jinci Temple, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province

Stone Archway in the Temple of the Western Mountain, Huayin County, Shaanxi Province

Temple and Tomb of Sima Qian, Hancheng County, Shaanxi Province

Central China

Archway in the Temple of Confucius, Jiading County, Shanghai

Temple and Tomb of Shi Kefa, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province

Memorial Temple of Shi Kefa, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province

Ancestral Temple of the Pei Family, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province

Main Hall in the Memorial Temple of Fan Zhongyan, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province

Principal Hall in the Ancestral Temple of the Liang Family, Ji'an, Jiangxi Province

Veranda of Baolun Ge, Shexian County, Anhui Province

Entrance Gate of the Temple of Bao Zhen, Hefei, Anhui Province

Gate of Yushan Hall in the Jin family's Ancestral Temple, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province

Wangmiao Gate of the Temple of Two Kings, Guanxian, Sichuan Province

Guanlan Pavilion in the Temple of the Two Kings, Guanxian, SiehuanProvince

Linguan Tower in the Temple of the Two Kings, Guanxian, Sichuan Province

Hall of Li Bing in the Temple of the Two Kings, Guanxian, Sichuan Province

Hall in the Temple of Zhuge Liang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province

Waterside Pavilion at the Thatched Cottage of Du Fu, Chengdu, Sichuan Province

Hua Jing, Thatched Cottage of Du Fu, Chengdu, Sichuan Province

Stele Pavilion, Thatched Cottage of Du Fu, Chengdu, Sichuan Province

Mujiashan Hall in the Memorial Temple of the Three Su's, Meishan County, Sichuan Province

South China

Brick Carving on the Gable Block of the Chen Family's Ancestral Temple, Guangzhou,

 Guangdong Province

Decorated Wall in the Chen Family's Ancestral Temple, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province

Northeast China

Stone Archway and Entrance Gate of Beizhen Temple, Beizhen County, Liaoning Province

Appendices

Glossary

Chronology of Major Events in the History of Chinese Architecture