<CRACKING THE AP STATISTICS EXAM(2012)>: If you need to know it, it’s in this book! Cracking the AP Statistics Exam, 2012 Edition, includes:

  · Review questions at the end of every chapter, with detailed explanations

  · Step-by-step techniques for cracking each type of statistical analysis question

  · Thorough walk-through of the free-response section of the exam

  · 2 full-length practice tests with detailed explanations

  · Updated strategies that reflect the AP test scoring change

Foreword xi

PART I: INTRODUCTION 1

 1 About the AP Statistics Exam 3

What Is AP Statistics? 4

Who Should Take AP Statistics? 4

Curriculum 4

Using a Calculator 7

Using Computer Outputs 8

Format of the AP Statistics Examination 8

Grading the Exam 9

Signing Up for the Exam 10

The College Board's Suggested Timetable for Those Planning to Take the AP Statistics

Exam 10

Whatto Bring to the Exam 11

What You May Not Bring to the Exam 11

No Cheating! 12

Special Circumstances 12

Cancelling Your Score 13

Getting More Information 13

 2 Preparing for the AP Statistics Exam 15

In the Months Before the Test 15

In the Week Before the Test 17

On the Day of the Test 17

Test-Taking Strategies 19

Tips for Both Sections of the AP Statistics Exam 19

Cracking the Multiple-Choice Section 20

Cracking the Free-Response Section 21

Using the Calculator 25

PART II: SUBJECT REVIEW 33

 4 Exploring Data 35

Observing Patterns and Departures from Patterns 35

Collecting Data 36

Tabular Methods 37

Graphical Methods for Qualitative Data 41

Graphical Methods for Quantitative Data 43

Numerical Methods for Continuous Variables 57

Boxplots 66

The Effect of Changing Units on Summary Measures 68

Corn paring Distributions of Two or More Groups 71

Exploring Bivariate Data 75

Exploring Categorical Data: Frequency Tables 96

Review Questions 100

 5 Sampling and Experimentation 101

Planning a Study 101

Overview of Methods of Data Collection 102

Planning and Conducting Surveys 103

Bias in Surveys 106

Planning and Conducting Experiments 107

Review Questions 115

Anticipating Patterns 117

Producing Models Using Probability and Simulation 117

Probability 118

Random Variables and Their Probability Distributions 133

The Probability Distributions of Discrete Random Variables 134

The Probability Distributions of Continuous Random Variables 149

The Normal Distribution 151

Combining Independent Random Variables 160

Sampling Distributions 162

Review Questions 165

 7 Statistical Inference 167

Confirming Models 167

Parameters and Statistics 168

Estimation 168

Point Estimation 169

Interval Estimation and the Confidence Interval 173

Inference: Tests of Significance 173

Estimation and Inference Problems 183

Estimation for and Inference About a Population Proportion p 188

Estimation for and Inference About a Population Mean μ 196

Estimation of and Inference About the Difference in Population Proportions (p1 - P2) 215

Estimation of and Inference About the Difference in Population Means (μ1 - μ2) 219

Making an Inference Using Categorical Data 244

Review Questions 269

 8 Answers and Explanations for Review Questions 273