《规范理论和现代粒子物理学导论》分为两册，详细地介绍了粒子物理学的现代理论和实验。条理分明，表述连贯。作者以简明直观的方式，阐释隐藏在实验现象背后的深刻的物理原理，同时循序渐进地讲解从事粒子物理研究用到的现代方法。本书收入了许多粒子物理领域的新成果，还有若干很有特色的议题，例如高阶弱电效应，夸克混合，喷流，深度非弹性轻子-强子散射，简单部分子模型的量子色动力学修正，以及量子色动力学的非微扰理论等。本册为第2卷，在介绍了CP破坏之后，主要讲解量子色动力学及其在“硬”过程中的应用，同时也介绍了“软”强子物理和非微扰量子色动力学。

Preface

Acknowledgements

Notational conventions

Note added in proof: the discovery of the top quark (?)

Note added in proof: the demise of the SSC

18 Determination of the Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix

 18.1 KM matrix elements from β-decay reactions

 18.2 KM matrix elements from deep inelastic scattering

 18.3 SuInmary

19 Mixing and CP violation

 19.1 General phenomenology of mixing and CP violation

19.1.1 General formalism for mixing

19.1.2 General formalism for CP violation

19.1.3 Practical aspects of mixing and CP violation

 19.2 Detailed phenomenology of CP violation in the K0-K0 system

19.2.1 Formalism and summary of data

19.2.2 Relation between phenomenological parameters and the CP-violating Hamiltonian

 19.3 DynAmics of mixing and CP violation

19.3.1 Connection with the SM (weak) Hamiltonian

19.3.2 Estimate for e in the SM

19.3.3 Estimate of ε'/ε in the SM

19.3.4 Summary on e and ε' in the K0-K0 system

 19.4 Dynamics of B0-B0 mixing

19.4.1 Mixing ignoring CP violation

19.4.2 CP violation in the B~-B~ system

20 Regularization, renormalization and introduction to the renormalization group

 20.1 Introduction

 20.2 Parameters and physical observables in a field theory

 20.3 The idea of renormalization

 20.4 Choice of cut-off procedure regularization

 20.5 Choice of renormalization scheme

20.5.1 The momentum point subtraction (MPS) scheme

20.5.2 Renormalization schemes specifically linked to dimensional regularization (DR)

 20.6 The renormalization group

 20.7 A concrete example of different renormalization schemes

 20.8 Consequences of the renormalization group equation

 20.9 Scaling and asymptotic freedom

 20.10 Appendix to Chapter 20

20.10.1 Definition of a d-dimensional integral

20.10.2 Questions of convergence and analytic continuation

20.10.3 Some useful d-dimensional integrals

20.10.4 Regularization of the 4-point vertex in φ4 theory

21 Gauge theories, QCD and the renormalization group

 21.1 Introduction

 21.2 Gauge theories: QED

21.2.1 Retaining Maxwell's equations for the field operators

21.2.2 Modifying Maxwell's equations for the field operators

 21.3 Gauge theories: QCD

21.3.1 Differences between QCD and QED

 21.4 Feynman rules for QCD

21.4.1 The propagators

21.4.2 The vertices

 21.5 The renormalization group for QCD

21.5.1 Specification of the renormalization scheme in QCD

21.5.2 Consequences of the renormalization group in QCD

 21.6 The effect of heavy quarks

 21.7 The running coupling in QCD

21.7.1 Renormalization scheme dependence of a and A

 21.8 Conclusion

22 Applications of the QCD renormalization group

 22.1 e+e- → hadrons

 22.2 Deep inelastic lepton scattering

22.2.1 The operator product expansion

22.2.2 Relating coefficient functions to moments of structure functions

22.2.3 Renormalization group analysis of coefficient functions

22.2.4 q2 dependence of the moments in leading order

22.2.5 An interpretation of the Q2 variation of parton distributions in leading logarithmic approximation

22.2.6 q2 dependence of the moments in higher order

22.2.7 Conclusion

23 The parton model in QCD

 23.1 Partons in a field theoretic context

23.1.1 Heuristic reinterpretation of simple Feynman diagrams

23.1.2 Application to QCD

23.1.3 The parton model in field theory

 23.2 QCD corrections to the parton model

23.2.1 Redefinition of fq/h

23.2.2 Collinear singularities--their physical origin

 23.3 Structure of the leading logarithmic terms

 23.4 Q2-dependent distribution functions

 23.5 Summary of the evolution equations in LLA

 23.6 Small x behaviour of the Q2-dependent gluon distribution in LLA

 23.7 Behaviour of distributions as z → 1 in LLA

 23.8 Beyond the LLA

 23.9 Comparison with experiment in deep inelastic scattering

 23.10 General form of the QCD-improved patton model

 23.11 QCD corrections to Drell-Yan and W production

23.11.1 Drell-Yan production

23.11.2 Transverse momentum distribution of Drell-Yan pairs

23.11.3 Hadronic production of W and Z0

23.11.4 Transverse momentum distribution of W and Z0

 23.12 Summary

24 Large Pr phenomena and jets in hadronic reactions

 24.1 Introduction

 24.2 Historical survey. Hard qq scattering

 24.3 From quarks to hadrons

24.3.1 Inclusive reactions

24.3.2 Exclusive reactions

 24.4 Comments on the QCD interpretation of large Pr phenomena

24.4.1 Evidence for jets

24.4.2 Inclusive jet production

24.4.3 Transverse momentum distribution with respect to the jet axis

 24.5 Two-jet production at large Pr

24.5.1 Jet angular distribution

24.5.2 Tests of the Q2 evolution

24.5.3 Hadronic interactions at large Pr revisited

 24.6 Prompt photons

 24.7 Two and more jets in the final state

 24.8 Jet fragmentation

 24.9 Comments on O(a3) corrections and conclusions

25 Jets and hadrons in e+e- physics

 25.1 Introduction

 25.2 General outline of e+e- jets

25.2.1 Angular distribution of hadrons produced in e+e- collisions

 25.3 SPEAR two-jet events

25.3.1 Sphericity

25.3.2 Jet axis

25.3.3 Corrections to e+e- → hadrons: multijets

 25.4 Planar events: evidence for three jets

 25.5 Tests ot'QCD up to LEP energies

 25.6 The total hadronic width at the Z0

 25.7 Basic Monte Carlo formulations

 25.8 QCD Monte Carlo programs

25.8.1 The perturbative phase

25.8.2 The hadronization phase

 25.9 Multiplicity

 25.10 Global event-shape analysis

 25.11 Jet definition or recombination schemes

 25.12 Particle flow patterns in 3-jet events

 25.13 To what extent is QCD being tested?

26 Low Pr or 'soft' hadronic physics

 26.1 The total and elastic cross-sections

 26.2 The differential cross-section

 26.3 The real to imaginary ratio

 26.4 The inclusive PT distribution

 26.5 Diffractive dissociation

 26.6 The average multiplicity

 26.7 The multiplicity distribution of charged particles

 26.8 Conclusions

Note added in proof: the real to imaginary ratio, d, in pp elastic scattering

27 Some non-perturbative aspects of gauge theories

 27.1 QCD sum rules

 27.2 Lattice approach to QCD

 27.3 The vacuum in quantum mechanics and instantons

27.3.1 An example in one-dimensional motion

 27.4 The QCD vacuum and instantons

27.4.1 Degenerate vacua in classical field theory

27.4.2 The 8-vacuum in QCD

 27.5 Strong CP violation and the U(1) problem

 27.6 Baryon and lepton non-conservations: sphalerons

27.6.1 Degenerate vacua in the SM

27.6.2 Baryon and lepton numbers of the vacua

27.6.3 The sphaleron

28 Beyond the standard model

 28.1 Introduction

 28.2 The 'missing links' of the SM

 28.3 Criticisms of the SM

28.3.1 The U(1) and 8 problems

28.3.2 Parameter counting

 28.4 Grand unification theories (GUT)

 28.5 Compositeness

 28.6 Supersymmetry and supergravity

Appendix 1: Elements of field theory

 A1.1 Fields and creation operators

 A1.2 Parity, charge conjugation and G-parity

 A1.2.1 Parity

 A1.2.2 Charge conjugation

 A1.2.3 G-parity

 A1.3 The S-matrix

Appendix 2: Feynman rules for QED, QCD and the SM

 A2.1 Relation between S-matrix and Feynman amplitude

 A2.2 QCD and QED

 A2.3 The SM

 A2.4 Some examples of Feynman amplitudes

 A2.5 Colour sums

 A2.6 The Gell-Mann SU(3) matrices

 A2.7 The Fierz reshuffle theorem

 A2.8 Dimension of matrix elements

Appendix 3: Conserved vector currents and their charges

Appendix 4: Operator form of Feynman amplitudes and effective Hamiltonians

Appendix 5: S-matrix, T-matrix and Feynman amplitude

Appendix 6: Consequences of CPT invariance for matrix elements

Appendix 7: Formulae for the basic partonic 2 → 2 processes

 A7.1 Reactions with only quarks and gluons

A7.1.1 Comparison of paxton cross-section at 90°

 A7.2 Reactions with one photon

 A7.3 Reactions with two photons

Appendix 8: Euclidean space conventions

References

Analytic subject index for vols. 1 and2