This book is composed of three major parts (17 chapters altogether)as follows：Part One focuses on translation and culture, including chapters 1-10 which conduct the contrastive study of the Yangs’ and Hawkes’ versions (A Dream of Red Mansions and The Story of the Stone respectively);Part Two discusses the Yangs’ version from the sociosemiotic and stylistic approaches,covering chapters 11-15 which deal with the Yangs’ version, A Dream of Red Mansions; Part Three covers chapters 16-17 which make an attempt to analyze Hawkes’ version, The Story of the Stone from Hermeneutics and the rewriting theory respectively.

Part One Translation and Culture:Contrastive Study on the Yangs' and Hawkes' Versions

 Chapter One Introduction 3

1.1 Hongloumeng and Its English Translation

1.2 The Research Questions 9

1.3 The Format of This Book 11

 Chapter Two Literature Review 14

2.1 Previous Researches into the Translation of Hongloumeng 14

2.2 The Functional Approach of Translation Study 17

2.3 Previous Researches of Functionalism in Literary Translation 25

 Chapter Three Research Methodology 28

3.1 A Sketchy View on the Action Theory 28

3.2 The Functionalist Translation Theory 31

3.3 Peter Newmark's Semantic Translation and Communicative Translation 56

3.4 Language, Culture and Translation Strategy from a Cultural Studies Perspective 59

3.5 The Validity of the Theories Applied to This Study 68

 Chapter Four Contrastive Study of the Translation of Culture-Specific Elements in the Two Versions 71

4.1 Introduction 71

4.2 Different Roles and Functions in the Translational Actions of Hongloumeng 72

4.3 Different Translation Briefs and Skoposi of the Two Versions 73

4.4 Contrastive Study of the Translation of Culture--Specific Elements of the Two Versions 82

 Chapter Five Optimal Balance between the Two Translation Strategies:Foreignization vs. Domestication 139

5.1 The Yangs' Main Translation Methods Underpinned by Their Translation

Strategy 139

5.2 Hawkes' Main Translation Methods Based on His Translation Strategy 140

5.3 Appropriate Degree of Foreignization and Domestication in the Two Versions 142

5.4 Major Findings 154

 Appendix: 《红楼梦》两种英译本异化与归化的调查问卷 163

 Chapter Six Poetry Translation in Hongloumeng 173

6.1 Poetry Translation 173

6.2 Poetry in Hongloumeng 178

6.3 Functionalist Approach to Poetry Translation in Hongloumeng 181

6.4 Other Factors Affecting the Translator's Choice of Translation Strategy 212

 Chapter Seven Translation of Lantern Riddles in Hongloumeng 217

7.1 Introduction 217

7.2 Lantern Riddles in Hongloumeng 218

7.3 A General Notion of the Translator's Subjectivity 223

7.4 A Contrastive Study on Lantern Riddles Translation from the Perspective of the Translator's Subjectivity 233

7.5 Further Discussion about the Translator's Subjectivity 253

 Chapter Eight Translation of Two--Part Allegorical Sayings in Hongloumeng 255

8.1 Introduction 255

8.2 Description of Two--Part Allegorical Sayings 256

8.3 Nida's Equivalence Theory 258

8.4 Translation Methods Adopted in the Two Versions 261

8.5 Approaches to Image--Rendering 267

 Chapter Nine Translation of Cultural Default in Hongloumeng 270

9.1 Cultural Default 270

9.2 Analysis of Cultural Default in Hongloumeng 275

9.3 Translation of Cultural Default in Hongloumeng 282

 Chapter Ten The Impact of the Translator's Hybrid Cultural Identity on Cultural Translation of Hongloumeng 303

10.1 Introduction 303

10.2 The Hybridity of Cultural Identity 304

10.3 The Hybridity of Cultural Identity of Hongloumeng Translators 313

10.4 The Hybridity of Cultural Identity and Manipulation of Cultural Informa-

tion in Hongloumeng Translation 315

Part Two Soeiosemioties and Stylistics:The Study on A Dream of Red Mansions

 Chapter Eleven Translation of Color Terms in A Dream of Red Mansions 329

11.1 Introduction 329

11.2 Translatability and Untranslatability of Color Terms 330

11.3 The Categorization of Color Terms in Hongloumeng 333

11.4 Color Images in Hongloumeng 335

11.5 Translation Principles of Color Terms and Color Images in Hongloumeng 343

 Chapter Twelve Translation of Fuzzy Expressions in A Dream of Red Mansions 349

12.1 Introduction 349

12.2 The Notion of Fuzzy Equivalence 350

12.3 Translation of Fuzzy Metaphorical Expressions in Hongloumeng 352

12.4 Translation of Fuzzy Numerals in Hongloumeng 356

12.5 Translation of Fuzzy Animal Words in Hongloumeng 360

 Chapter Thirteen Translation of Metonymy in A Dream of Red Mansions 364

13.1 Brief Description of Metonymy 364

13.2 Metonymy, Culture and Translation 368

13.3 Comparisons between Chinese and English Metonymy Models 369

13.4 Translation Methods of Metonymy in A Dream of Red Mansions 371

 Chapter Fourteen Sociosemiotic Study ofA Dream of Red Mansions 380

14.1 The Sociosemiotic Approach to Translation Studies 380

14.2 Analysis of the Yangs' Version from.the Sociosemiotic Perspective 385

 Chapter Fifteen A Stylistic Study of A Dream of Red Mansions 404

15.1 Introduction to Literary Stylistics 405

15.2 Narration 407

15.3 Conversation 415

15.4 Chapter Titles 422

Part Three Hermeneutics and Rewriting:The Study on The Story of the Stone

 Chapter Sixteen The Study on The Story of the Stone from a Hermeneutic Perspective 431

16.1 Introduction 431

16.2 Gadamer's Hermeneutic Theory 432

16.3 The Hermeneutic Approach of The Story of the Stone 438

 Chapter Seventeen Allusion Translation in The Story of the Stone from the Approach of Rewriting Theory 448

17.1 Introduction 448

17.2 Allusions in Hongloumeng 449

17.3 Andr6 Lefevere's Rewriting Theory 455

17.4 Theoretical Analysis on Allusion Translation in The Story of the Stone 461

REFERENCES 467

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 475

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 476