“以器官系统为中心”的医学教学模式是国际医学教育的趋势。本系列书是世界著名医药卫生出版集团爱思唯尔公司出版的一套“以器官系统为中心”的医学基础课程教材。该套教材第1版出版后受到世界各地许多医学院校的欢迎，并被多家进行“以器官系统为中心”教学的医学院校选定为教材。第2版根据第1版出版后教师和学生的反馈意见，结合医学知识的更新进行了全新修订。在编写内容上，该系列教材强调基础与临床的整合。每一章节都是围绕着一个临床病例展开，通过对病人问题的呈现以及解决过程引出对相关知识的探究，从而使与器官系统结构、功能以及疾病相关的重要的基础医学知识得到了完善的整合。在版式安排上，图框中的病例资料与正文中的医学知识完美匹配，一步一步地激起读者的求知欲望。本册为《泌尿系统》。

1 URINARY TRACT STRUCTURE AND INFECTION

 Introduction

 Normal anatomy of the urinary tract

 Structure of the kidney

 Innervation of the urinary tract

 Embryology of the kidney and urinary tract

 Infection of the urinary tract

 Aetiology and pathogenesis of urinary tract

 infection

 Investigation of urinary tract infection

 Imaging of the urinary tract

 Vesicoureteric reflux

 Overview: treatment of urinary tract infections

2 BODY FLUIDS, NEPHRON FUNCTION AND DIURETICS

 Introduction

 Body fluid and electrolyte distribution

 Functional anatomy of the nephron

 Sodium transport

 Regulation of sodium transport

 Potassium transport

 Pharmacology of diuretic agents

 Principles of fluid and electrolyte replacement

 therapy

3 WATER BALANCE AND REGULATION OF OSMOLALITY

 Introduction

 Causes and assessment of polyuria

 Renal mechanisms for urine concentration

 Feedback control of plasma osmolality

 Failure to concentrate the urine

 Failure to dilute the urine

4 ACID-BASE BALANCE AND REGULATION OF pH

 Introduction

 Role of the kidney in H+ balance

 Disturbances of acid-base balance: acidosis

 Disturbances of acid-base balance: alkalosis

 Summary of findings in principal acid-base

 disturbances

5 GLOMERULAR FILTRATION AND ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY

 Introduction

 Renal blood flow

 Glomerular filtration

 Autoregulation of renal blood flow and glomerular

 filtration rate

 Renal excretion and the clearance formula

 Measuring the glomerular filtration rate

 Urea

 Pathophysiology of oliguria

 Causes of acute kidney injury

 Acute tubular necrosis

 Overview: assessment and management of a

 patient with acute kidney injury

 Biochemical changes in acute kidney injury

 Complications of acute kidney injury

 Management of acute kidney injury

6 PROTEINURIA AND THE NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

 Introduction

 Pathophysiology of oedema formation

 Glomerular anatomy and the filtration barrier

 Normal and abnormal proteinuria

 Nephrotic syndrome

 Natural history and response to treatment

7 GLOMERULONEPHRITIS AND THE ACUTE NEPHRITIC SYNDROME

 Introduction

 Urinary sediment examination

 Presentation and consequences of glomerular

 disease

 Investigation of glomerulonephritis

 Differential diagnosis of acute

 glomerulonephritis

 Pathogenesis of acute glomerulonephritis

 Outcome of glomerulonephritis

 Clinicopathological correlations in

 glomerulonephritis

8 DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

 Introduction

 Presentation of chronic kidney disease

 Stages of chronic kidney disease

 Causes of chronic kidney disease _

 Pathology of diabetic nephropathy and chronic

 kidney disease

 Main consequences of chronic kidney disease

 Progression of chronic kidney disease

 Principles of treatment

9 END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE AND REPLACEMENT OF RENAL FUNCTION

 Introduction

 Replacement of kidney function

 Principles and modes of dialysis

 Principles and modes of transplantation

 Conservative therapy for advanced chronic kidney

 disease

10 HYPERTENSION AND THE KIDNEY

 Introduction

 Determinants of normal blood pressure and role

 of the kidney

 Pathogenesis of essential hypertension

 The pathology of hypertension

 Principles in the management of hypertension

 Secondary hypertension

11 PREGNANCY AND THE KIDNEY

 Introduction

 Structural changes in the urinary tract during

 pregnancy

 Urinary tract infection in pregnancy

 Renal physiology changes in pregnancy

 Blood pressure and pregnancy

 Hypertension in pregnancy

 Management of hypertension in pregnancy

 Follow-up of patients with hypertension in

 pregnancy

 Pregnancy in patients with pre-existing

 kidney disease

12 URINARY TRACT OBSTRUCTION AND STONES

 Introduction

 Differential diagnosis of loin pain and haematuria

 Imaging of the urinary tract

 Pathophysiology of urinary tract obstruction

 Renal calculi

 Principles of treatment

13 RENAL MASSES AND URINARY TRACT TUMOURS

 Introduction

 Differential diagnosis of a renal mass

 Renal cell carcinoma

 Differential diagnosis of microscopic haematuria

 Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

 Other urinary tract tumours

14 DRUGS AND THE KIDNEY

 Introduction

 PART A

 Effect of renal impairment on drug excretion

 Altered pharmacokinetics in renal disease

 Drug dosing in renal failure

 PART B

 Renal impairment induced by drugs

 Renal actions of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory

 drugs

 Mechanisms of nephrotoxicity

 Important causes of nephrotoxicity

Appendix: normal ranges

Glossary

Index