Henry Irving, the first actor to be knighted, dominated the theatre in Britain and beyond for over a quarter of a century.As an actor, he was strikingly different with his idiosyncratic pronunciation, his somewhat ungainly physique, and his brilliant psychological portrayals of virtue and villainy. As a director of spectacular,and commercially driven, entertainments,Irving anticipated Hollywood directors from D.W. Griffith to Stephen Spielberg.And as manager of the Lyceum Theatre,where audiences included the leading public figures of the day, he controlled every aspect of the performance.

This collection of essays by leading theatre scholars explores each element of Irving's art.

Henry Irving (1838-1905), the first actor to be knighted, dominated the theatre in Britain and beyond for over a quarter of a century.As an actor, he was strikingly different with his idiosyncratic pronunciation, his somewhat ungainly physique, and his brilliant psychological portrayals of virtue and villainy. As a director of spectacular,and commercially driven, entertainments,Irving anticipated Hollywood directors from D.W. Griffith to Stephen Spielberg.And as manager of the Lyceum Theatre,where audiences included the leading public figures of the day, he controlled every aspect of the performance.

This collection of essays by leading theatre scholars explores each element of Irving's art:his acting, his contribution to the plays he commissioned, his flair for the stage picture,and his ear for incidental music. Like Wagner,Irving was a proponent of a holistic approach to the stage, that is, blending together acting,painting, music, and architecture to create harmonious, balanced, and artistic theatre.Irving emerges not only as the peer of such eminent contemporaries as Tennyson,Sullivan, Shaw, and Burne-Jones, but also as a powerful influence on the twentieth-century theatre.

General Editors' Preface

List of Illustrations and Tables

List of Musical Examples'

Notes on Contributors

Acknowledgements'

Introduction

Richard Foulkes

1 The Chief and his Champion: Irving and J.L. Toole

Michael Read

2 'He Danced, He Did Not Merely Walk - He Sang, He By No Means,

Merely Spoke': Irving, Theatricality and the Modernist Theatre

Jim Davis

3 Ellen Terry and Henry Irving: A Working Partnership

Katharine Cockin

4 The Lyceum and the Lord Chamberlain: The Case of

Hall Caine's Mahomet

Kristan Tetens

5 Embodiment of the King: Henry Irving's KingArthur

Doug Kirshen

6 Sins of the Fathers: Dostoevsky and the Murders of Henry and

Laurence Irving

Laurence Senelick

7 Irving and his Scenic Artists

Jeffrey Richards

8 'Henry and 250 Supers': Irving, Robespierre and the Staging of the

Revolutionary Crowd

Jean Chothia

9 Serenade in a Gondola: Music and Interpolated Action in Irving's

Production of The Merchant of Venice

Stephen Cockett

10 Arthur Sullivan's Incidental Music to Henry Irving's Production of Macbeth

Kenneth DeLong

11 The Matter with Irving: Bernard Shaw and Irving Reconsidered

L. W. Conolly

Bibliography

Index