This text, that of the 1854 first edition, has been re-edited in light of recent scholarly findings. Annotations have been revised and expanded. Backgrounds, Sources, and Contemporary Reactions reprints all of the documents on industrialism, education, and utilitarianism that appeared in the Second Edition, save one, and introduces new pieces by R. D. Butterworth and Thomas Carlyle. Criticism collects seventeen important essays on Hard Times-seven of them new to the Third Edition-by Hippolyte Taine, John Ruskin, George Gissing, Bernard Shaw, F. R. Leavis, Monroe Engel, Robert Barnard, David Craig, David Lodge, Roger Fowler, Patricia E. Johnson, Gorman Beauchamp, Martha C. Nussbaum, David L. Cowles, Jean Ferguson Carr, Eric P. Levy, and Leona Toker. A Chronology and revised Selected Bibliography are also included.

Preface

The Text of Hard Times

Title Page

Dedication

The Contents of Hard Times

Hard Times

A NOTE ON THE TEXT

The Genesis of Hard Times: A History of the Text

Dickens' Working Plans

The Running Headlines

Our Text

The Textual Notes

TEXTUAL NOTES

EMENDATIONS LIST

Contexts

Hard Times Calendar

Dickens Comments on the Composition of

INDUSTRIALISM

Criticism