本书由河海大学土木工程学院的几位教授在国内土力学教材的基础上，参照国外英文版图书的编写方式和风格，同时考虑国内学生的使用特点，精心编译而成。本书共分八章，具体包括了：土体的物理性质和岩土工程的分类；渗流；地基中的应力；地基的压缩和固结等内容。每章后均附有习题、符号说明和部分专业英语词汇的汉译，供学生在使用本书时练习、参照。

本书可供高等学校土木工程专业及相关专业在开设土力学双语教学课程时使用。

教育部倡导在具备条件的高等院校中进行双语教学，许多院校都做了有益的探索和尝试。有些院校直接采用外文原版书进行教学，反馈意见各不相同。由于我国土木工程专业高等教育模式与国外存在较大差别，编制适合国内学生特点的本土英文版教材，成为国内院校的迫切需要。基于此，河海大学土木工程学院的几位教授在国内土力学教材的基础上，参照国外英文版图书的编写方式和风格，同时考虑国内学生的使用特点，精心编译而成此书。本书共分八章：第一章土体的物理性质和岩土工程的分类；第二章渗流；第三章地基中的应力；第四章地基的压缩和固结；第五章土的抗剪强度；第六章土压力理论；第七章边坡稳定分析；第八章地基承载力。每章后均附有习题、符号说明和部分专业英语词汇的汉译，供学生在使用本书时练习、参照。

本书可供高等学校土木工程专业及相关专业在开设土力学双语教学课程时使用。

CHAFFER 1 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND ENGINEERING CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL

　1.1 Formation of Soil

　1.2 Components of Soil

1.2.1 Solid Phase

1.2.2 Liquid Phase

1.2.3 Vapor Phase

 1.3 Soil Fabric

1.3.1 Interaction between Soil Particles

1.3.2 Soil Fabric

 1.4 Physical Features and Indexes of Soii

1.4.1 Basic Physical Indexes

1.4.2 Calculated Physical Indexes

1.4.3 Conversion between Physical Indexes

 1.5 Relative Density of Cohesionless Soil, Consistency of Cohesive Soil and Soil Compaction

1.5.1 Relative Density of Cohesionless Soil

1.5.2 Consistency of Cohesive Soil

1.5.3 Soil Compaction

 1.6 Soil Classification

CHAPTER 2 WATER FLOW THROUGH SOIL

 2.1 Introduction

 2.2 Driving Potential——Total Head

 2.3 Darcy's Law

2.3.1 Darcy's Law

2.3.2 Validity of Darcy's Law

 2.4 Determination of the Coefficient of Permeability

2.4.1 Empirical Relationships for k

2.4.2 Determination of k in the Laboratory

2.4.3 Pumping Test to Determine k in the Field

2.4.4 The Coefficient of Permeability of Soil Layers

 2.5 Two-Dimensional Flow of Water through Soil and Flow Net

2.5.1 Laplace's Equation for Two-Dimensional Steady Flow

2.5.2 Flow Net

 2.6 Effective Stress and Pore Water Pressure in soil

2.6.1 The Principle of Effective Stress

2.6.2 Effective Stresses due to Hydrostatic Stress Fields

2.6.3 Effects of Seepage

 2.7 Seepage Force and Critical Hydraulic Gradient

2.7.1 Seepage Force

2.7.2 Heaving, Boiling, and Piping

2.7.3 Critical Hydraulic Gradient

CHAPTER 3 STRESSES IN SOIL

 3.1 Introduction

 3.2 Effective Overburden Pressure in the Ground

 3.3 Contact Pressure between the Foundation and the Ground

3.3.1 Contact Pressure due to Vertical Centric Load

3.3.2 Contact Pressure due to Vertical Eccentric Load

3.3.3 Contact Pressure due to Inclined Eccentric Load

 3.4 Stress Increase in the Ground

3.4.1 Stress Increase in Spatial Problems

3.4.2 Stress Increase in Plane Problems

3.4.3 Effective Overburden Pressure of Embankment and Contact Pressure between Embankment and Ground

CHAPTER 4 COMPRESSION AND CONSOLIDATION OF SOIL

 4.1 Introduction

 4.2 Soil Compressibility Characteristics

4.2.1 Fundamental Concept

4.2.2 The Oedometer Test

4.2.3 Compressibility Parameters

 4.3 Calculation Formulae of Soil Compression with Zero Lateral Strain

 4.4 e-p Curve Method for Foundation Settlement Calculation

 4.5 e-logp Curve Method for Foundation Settlement Calculation

4.5.1 Effect of Stress History on the Compressibility of Clays

4.5.2 Derivation of the In-Situ Compression Curve

4.5.3 Calculation of Foundation Settlement

4.5.4 Discussion

 4.6 Terzaghi' s Theory of One-Dimensional Consolidation

4.6. l One-dimensional Consolidation Analogy

4.6.2 One-dimensional Consolidation Theory

4.6.3 Degree of Consolidation and its Application

 4.7 Determination of Coefficient of Consolidation

4.7.1 The Log Time Method (Due to Casagrande)

4.7.2 The Root Time Method (Due to Taylor)

4.7.3 In-Situ Value of C

 4.8 Secondary Compression

CHAPTER 5 SHEAR STRENGTH OF SOIL

 5.1 Introduction

 5.2 Friction Model in Physics and the Mohr-Coulomb Failure Criterion

5.2.1 Friction Model

5.2.2 The Mohr-Coulomb Failure Criterion

5.2.3 Failure Envelop

 5.3 Shear Strength Test

5.3.1 The Direct Shear Test

5.3.2 The Triaxial Compression Test

5.3.3 The Unconfined Compression Test

5.3.4 The Vane Shear Test

5.3.5 Special Test

 5.4 Pore Pressure Coefficients in the Triaxial Test

5.4.1 Coefficient B--Increment of All-round Pressure

5.4.2 Coefficient A--Increment of Difference of Main Principal Stresses

5.4.3 Pore Water Pressure during Triaxial Test

 5.5 The Shear Strength Characteristics of Soil

5.5.1 The Shear Test Results of Sand

5.5.2 The Shear Test Results of Clay

5.5.3 Residual Strength

5.5.4 Sensitivity of Clay

5.5.5 Creep of Clay

 5.6 Stress Paths and Concept of Critical State

5.6.1 Stress Paths

5.6.2 The Concept of Critical State

CHAPTER 6  EARTH PRESSURE ON RETAINING STRU~;

 6.1 Introduction

 6.2 Earth Pressure at Rest

 6.3 Rankine' s Lateral Pressure

6.3.1 Rankine' s Theory of Active Earth Pressure

6.3.2 Rankine' s Theory of Passive Earth Pressure

6.3.3 Backfill-Partially Submerged Cohesionless Soil Supporting a Surcharge

6.3.4 Cohesive Soil with Horizontal Backfill

6.3.5 Rankine's Active and Passive Pressure with Sloping Backfill

 6.4 Coulomb's Earth Pressure Theory

6.4.1 Coulomb' s Active Pressure

6.4.2 Graphic Solution for Coulomb's Active Earth Pressure

6.4.3 Active Force on Retaining Walls with Earthquake Forces

6.4.4 Coulomb' s Passive Pressure

 6.5 Active Thrust on the Bracing Systems of Open Cuts

 6.6 Summary and General Comments

CHAFFER 7 SLOPE STABILITY

 7.1 Introduction

 7.2 Slopes in Cohesionless Soil

7.2.1 Slopes in Cohesionless Soil in General Cases

7.2.2 Slope with Seepage

 7.3 Slopes in Cohesive Soil  Total Stress Analysis

7.3. I Slope Failure Mechanism in Cohesive Soil

7.3.2 Total Stress (φ = 0) Analysis

7.3.3 Location of the Most Critical Circle

7.3.4 Simplified Chart Method

 7.4 Swedish Method of Slices

7.4.1 Method of Slices

7.4.2 Total Stress Method

7.4.3 Effective Stress Method

 7.5 Bishop' s Simplified Method

 7.6 Slope Stability in Practical Problems

7.6.1 Slope in multi--layered Soils or with Surcharge 

7.6.2 Slope in Cohesive Soil with Steady Seepage

7.6.3 Effects of Earthquake on Slope Stability

 7.7 Simplified Method for Compound Slip

 7.8 Discussion

7.8.1 Critical Stage of a Practical Slope

7.8.2 Usage of Shear Strength of Soil

7.8.3 Allowable Factor of Safety

CHAFFER 8 BEARING CAPACITY OF FOUNDATIONS

 8.1 Introduction

8.1.1 General Requirements of Foundations

8.1.2 Modes of Shear Failure

8.1.3 Various Definitions

 8.2 Allowable Bearing Capacity Determined from Plastic Zone 

 8.3 Prandtl' s Theory

 8.4 Terzaghi's Soil Bearing Capacity Formulas

8.4.1 Rough Base

8.4.2 Smooth Base

8.4.3 General Method for Shallow Foundations

8.4.4 Skempton' s Values of N for φ = 0 Soil

8.4.5 Hansen' s Recommendations

8.4.6 Eccentric Loads

 8.5 In-situ Bearing Tests

8.5.1 The Plate-Beating Test

8.5.2 The Standard Penetration Test

8.5.3 The Cone Penetration Test

 8.6 Code Recommendations for Bearing Capacity

 8.7 Factors Influencing Bearing Capacity

8.7.1 Type of Soil and its Properties

8.7.2 Width of the Footing

8.7.3 Depth of Foundation

REFERENCES