长春园是清代的大型皇家园林“圆明三园”之一，经过战争后变为一处废墟遗址。2001-2004年北京市文物研究所分三次对长春园遗址的宫门区及澹怀堂遗址进行考古勘探和发掘，并将全部工作成果汇集成本书。书中重点对发掘的建筑遗迹进行了详细的描述，并对出土遗物也做了分类介绍。此次发掘通过遗迹再现，充分证明了长春园宫门区的建筑格局框架与建园时的设计思路完全一致，同时也为现存的遗址形势图补充了一些新的内容，具有重要的学术意义和价值。

本书适合从事考古、古建筑、历史等专业的研究人员及相关专业的大专院校师生参考阅读。

Commissioned by the Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage, the Research Institute of Cultural Heritage of Beijing (RICHB) executed a survey of the relics of Yuanmingyuan ( Garden of Perfect Splendor) from October to November in 2000, and drafted the initial plan of archaeological excavation. Authorized by China National Adminstration of Cultural Heritage, the Yuanmingyuan Arehaeological Team of RICHB carried out staged scientific excavations in the relics of the gate area of Changchunyuan (Garden of Eternal Spring) of Yuanmingyuan in 2001, 2003 and 2004 respectively. The Report provides a comprehensive summary of progress registered during the afore-mentioned excavations.

Changchunyuan is a royal garden built by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty for his activities during sparetime and after retirement. In October 1860, Changehunyuan, along with Yuanmingyuan and Yichunyuan ( Garden of Blossoming Spring) suffered babarian looting by the Anglo-Freneh forees and was burned down to the ground. Changchunyuan has become a site of ruins before the excavation. With most of the site laid ashes and base parts or minor traces of the buildings visible, the relics of the gate area suffered most serious damage.

Located south of Changchunyuan, the gate area tops all other gardens in terms of scenic beauty. With its total space totalling 21,000m2, the excavation site runs 220 metres from south to north, 90 metres from east to west and eovers 210 excavation spots, each of which with the size of 10 ~ 10. The relics can be divided into the South Zone and North Zone demarkated along the gate and the walls to its east and west. A total of 24 building relics are unearthed in the North and South zones. 11 of the relics are located in the South zone and include gate, walls and such auxiliary buildings as the Left Gate, Right Gate, the East duty post. In addition, the unearthed also include the relics of the East and West Chaofang ( Waiting Lounge) in front of the Plaza, corridor resembling "?" (the Chinese character for 10) , the South screen wall, underground drainage pipelines and the early building sites. Among the other 13 relics unearthed in the North zone, there are the gate to Pailou (decorated archway) and its auxiliary buildings as court walls, the gate on the east corner, relics of the corridor connecting the gate to Pailou and the gate to Changchunyuan, the great hall of Danhuaitang, and such building relics in the front court as the East and West side halls, winding corridor, corridor resembling "?", the Zhongle Pavilion in the North, and the underground drainage pipelines to the east and west sides of the court of Danhuaitang.

According to Historical Facts based on the Archives of Qing Dynasty, the timing of the start of the construction of the composite buildings in the gate area of the Changchunyuan is not later than 1745, which corresponds with that of the construction of the gar- den. Accordingly, the approximate closing year of construction is 1747, since by September 16th of the year, the board inscribed with the name of the garden, which is an autograph by Emperor Qianlong, has been hung on the lintel of the gate to the garden. The episode marks the conclusion of the construction of the gate area and its readiness for use.

Excavation demonstrates that the buildings in the gate area of Changchunyuan follows strictly the principle of symmetry. A north-south axis, which centered on the gate to the garden, is included in the original design. The axis starts from the screen wall in the south, runs north across the gate to the garden, the gate to Pailou, the great hall of Danhuaitang and fnally reaches the Zhongle Pavilion in the north tip. All other auxiliary buildings are located to the east and west sides of the axis and form a symmetry henceforth.

The excavation is the first planned mission for archaelogical and protection purposes by the Chinese Government ever since the barbarian looting and destruction of Yuanmingyuan by the Anglo-French in October 1860. The excavation thoroughly defined the lay-out of construction and composition characteristics of the gate area of Changchunyuan, and hence gained firsthand material. The above achievement provides for authentic and reliable material support for the drafting and implementation of the Plan of Reconstruction and Protection of the Gate Area of Changchunyuan in 2008, while fully attests to the signficance and scientific value of the excavation vis-a-vis the protection of relies.

A comparative study of the excavation of the relics of the gate area of Changchunyuan and the Measured Lay-out Map of Relies of Yuanmingyuan and Changchunyuan (scale 1:2000 ) published by the Beiping Municipal Administration of Public Affairs and Civil Engineering in 1933 shows that this latest archaeological excavation fills up 15 blanks in the foregoing Map, the most significant of which is the discovery of the underground drainage pipeline systems to the east and west sides of the court of Danhuaitang and in the southern part of the gate plaza. Conclusion can be drawn based on the discovery that comprehensive and elaborate planning and design has been carried out before the initiation of construction of Changchunyuan and the buildings in its gate area.

The burned, reddish and brittle relics of the ground bricks in the north part of the platform surface of Danhuaitang constitute undoubtedly piece of material evidence that the Anglo-French troops committed barbarian plundering and burned down the three gardens of Yuangmingyuan.

It is safe to say that the excavation of the relics of the gate area of Changchunyuan and the project of reconstruction and protection executed in 2008 in the gate area of Changchunyuan constitute both an innovative trial in terms of the protection and harnessing of the relics of Yuanmingyuan, and accumumlation of experimental experiences, and will have important and positive bearing on the future protection of the relics of Yuangmingyuan.

绪论

第一章 遗址概况与发掘经过

 第一节关于长春园的修建

 第二节历史上长春园宫门区的建筑布局

 第三节遗址发掘前的现状

 第四节发掘经过

第二章 分区、布方与地层堆积

 第一节 分区和布方

一、分区

二、布方

 第二节 地层堆积

第三章 建筑遗迹

 第一节 南区

一、宫门遗迹

二、宫墙及附属建筑遗迹

三、广场上的建筑遗迹

 第二节 北区

一、牌楼门及附属建筑遗迹

二、澹怀堂庭院遗迹

三、众乐亭遗迹

四、澹怀堂庭院东、西两侧的地下排水道遗迹

第四章 遗物

 第一节 汉白玉件

 第二节 青石件

 第三节 砖瓦件

 第四节 瓷器

一、青花

二、青花釉里红

三、杂釉彩

四、粉彩

五、五彩

六、单色釉

第五章 结语

英文提要

后记