本教材以生动的表述,风趣的举例,明快的文笔将当代语言学各个领域的理论奥妙娓娓道来,旨在让学生熟悉这门学科的研究对象、方法和成就,及其哲学渊源、文化底蕴和科学走向。全书共分15章,每章后面编有两类练习题,第一类侧重复习基本理念,第二类具有一定挑战性,启发独立思考,培养科研能力。练习之后介绍一位有突出贡献的语言学家,并推荐一批有影响的书籍。全书后面附有术语解释与汉译,方便学习与复习。
本书配有专门设计的学习网站,作为与读者交流互动的平台和与时俱进的信息源。网址为:www.lintroduction.com。本教材适用于大学英语专业本科或研究生阶段的语言学导论课程,可供一个学期的教学。
全书用英语编写,穿插有少量汉语例句。共分为3大部分,15章。
教学内容主要包括:
第1部分:含第1章“人类的语言”和第2章“语言科学”。内容主要为介绍当代语言学的来龙去脉,回顾两千年来东西方对语言本质的探索与思考,突出介绍柏拉图、亚里士多德、荀子、索绪尔、乔姆斯基、韩礼德的语言观,语言学研究方法,三个研究层次(观察、描写、解释),语言学各分支间的关系等。
第2部分:含第3章“语音与语音体系”,第4章“词的构造与标记”,第5章“短语结构”,第6章“从形式到意义”,第7章“从意义到功能”,第8章“交际中的功能结构”和第9章“意义与使用”,介绍语言学各主要分支,包括语音学、音系学、形态学、句法学、语义学、功能语法、语用学等,注意各分支间的衔接,并且将一般语言学导论教材中不专门提到的功能语法的核心内容,以一章篇幅插在语义学与语用学之间介绍,显得恰如其分,试用时受到学生欢迎。
第3部分:含第10章“语言的本能”,第11章“语言的约定”,第12章“语言的习得”,第13章“第二语言”,第14章“共性与差异”和第15章“环球语言”,各有侧重地综合介绍心理语言学、神经语言学、社会语言学、语言习得、语言类型学、应用语言学、批判应用语言学等跨学科领域的重点内容。
Chapter 1 Human Language
1.1 Language and languages
1.2 Language and human beings
1.3 Knowledge of language: endowed or conventional?
1.4 A marvelous scope to explore
Linguistic Stars: F. de Saussure
Chapter Linguistics as a Science
2.1 Speculation
2.2 Starting from observation
2.3 Doing your own research
2.4 Three adequacies
2.5 Testing a theory
2.6 The "tourist map" of linguistics
Linguistic Stars : O. Jespersen
Chapter Speech Sounds and Their System
3.1 IPA
3.2 Articulation
3.3 Consonants
3.4 Vowels
3.5 Phonemes and allophones
3.6 Stress and pitch
Linguistic Stars: YR Chao
Chapter 4 Word-making and Word-marking
4.1 Morphemes
4.2 Morphemes in Chinese
4.3 Compounding
4.4 Idiomatic power
Linguistic Stars : L. Bloomfield
Chapter 5 Phrase Hierarchy
5.1 Trees
5.2 Merging
5.3 Functional categories
5.4 X-bar trees
5.5 A universal skeleton
5.6 From IP to CP
Linguistic Stars : N. Chomsky
Chapter 6 From Form to Meaning
6.1 Proposition
6.2 Theta roles
Linguistic Stars : C. Fillmore
Chapter 7 From Meaning to Function
7.1 Structurizing meaning
7.2 Signifier vs. signified
7.3 Denotation vs. connotation
7.4 Meaning vs. function
Linguistic Stars : R. Montague
Chapter 8 Functional Structures in Communication
8.1 Given and New
8.2 Theme and Rheme
8.3 Topic-comment and end focus
8.4 A "meaning potential" ~
Linguistic Stars : M. Halliday
Chapter 9 Meaning and Use
9.1 Language games
9.2 Act in words
9.3 What does the speaker mean by saying that?
9.4 Flouting maxims enjoyably
Linguistic Stars : L. Wittgenstein
Chapter 10 Language Instinct
10.1 The modularity of language
10.2 Clinical evidence
10.3 Species uniqueness
Linguistic Stars : S. Pinker
Chapter 11 Language Convention
11.1 Noah Webster's oath
11.2 Stretching the grammar
11,3 Social imprint
11.4 Tongue and face
11.5 Magic kaleidoscopes
Linguistic Stars : W. Labov
Chapter 12 Language Acquisition
12.1 Babbling
12.2 Prosodic bootstrapping
12.3 Error-marked creation
12.4 Triggering and choosing
12.5 Critical period
Linguistic Stars : EH Lenneberg
Chapter 13 Second Language
13.1 Defining L2 acquisition
13.2 Fundamentally different?
13.3 Are you fed up?
13.4 Lado and Corder
13.5 Krashen and Swain
13.6 Interlanguage
13.7 Is UG Still awake?
Linguistic Stars : S. Krashen
Chapter 14 Universals and Diversities
14.1 Language universals
14.2 Language diversities
14.3 Implications in Translation
Linguistic Stars: JH Greenberg
Chapter 15 Global Language
15.1 Rebuilding the Babel
15.2 Why is it English?
15.3 Teaching English as a foreign language
15.4 Globalized uncertainties
Epilogue
Linguistic Stars : H. Widdowson
Glossary