中世纪哲学作为哲学史上的重要阶段，既包含诸多兴奋点，同时又一向号称复杂难解。这个时期包括从奥古斯丁到托马斯·阿奎那的漫长历史，又包括伊斯兰和犹太的哲学家，如阿维森纳、迈蒙尼德等。《中世纪哲学》邀集顶尖的研究专家，详尽考察中世纪哲学与相关文化、制度的关系，广涉中世纪哲学的各个领域：语言和逻辑、上帝和存在研究、自然哲学、人性、道德和政治等，并附有历史编年、思想家传记资料以及中世纪的相关文献指南。

Notes on contributors

Preface

Abbreviations and forms of reference

Introduction A.S. McGRADE

Entry points

Otherness

What is medieval philosophy?

Going further

A final image: medieval philosophy

  and freedom

1 Medieval philosophy in context

 STEVEN P. MARRONE

 Emergence of medieval philosophy in the late

  Roman Empire

 Monastic discipline and scholarship

 Islam

 The rise of the West and the reemergence of

  philosophy

 Rationalization in society: politics, religion,

  and educational institutions

 Aristotle and thirteenth-century

  scholasticism

 The contested fourteenth century

 The place of authority in medieval

 thought

 Philosophical sources

 Genres

2  Two medieval ideas: eternity and hierarchy

  JOHN MARENBON AND D. E. LUSCOMBE

 Eternity

 Hierarchy

 Language and logic

  E. J. ASHWORTH

 Sources and developments

 The purpose and nature of language

  and logic

 Signification, conventional and mental

  language

 Paronymy and analogy

 Reference: supposition theory

 Truth and paradox

 Inference and paradox

4  Philosophy in Islam

   THERESE-ANNE DRUART

 Philosophy, religion, and culture

 Psychology and metaphysics

 Ethics

 Jewish philosophy

   IDIT DOBBS-WEINSTEIN

 The roots of knowledge - Saadiah Gaon

 Universal hylomorphism - Ibn Gabirol

 The limits of reason - Moses Maimonides

 A purer Aristotelianism - Gersonides

 Jewish-Christian interactions

 Metaphysics: God and being

   STEPHEN P. MENN

 Physical and metaphysical proofs of God

 Avicenna's argument and some

   challenges to it

 Essence and existence

 Only one necessary being?

 Challenges to essence-existence

   composition

 Challenges about God and esse

 Univocity, equivocity, analogy

 7 Creation and nature

  EDITH DUDLEY SYLLA

 Creation

 Nature as epiphany: natural philosophy through

   the twelfth century

 Astronomy and astrology

 Scholastic natural philosophy

 Interactions of natural philosophy and

   theology

 8 Natures: the problem of universals

  GYULA KLIMA

 Exemplarist realism: universals as divine

  reasons

 Common natures, singular existents, active

  minds

 Common terms, singular natures

9 Human nature

  ROBERT PASNAU

 Mind and body and soul

 Cognition

 Will, passion, and action

 Freedom and immortality

10 The moral life

  BONNIE KENT

Augustine and classical ethics

Happiness and morality

Evil, badness, vice, and sin

Virtues, theological and other

11 Ultimate goods: happiness, friendship, and bliss

  JAMES Mc EVOY

Augustine and the universal desire for

  happiness

Boethius: philosophy has its consolations

Thomas Aquinas

Happiness in the intellectual life

Theories of friendship

Happiness and peace at the end of history:

  Joachim of Fiore

12 Political philosophy

  ANNABEL S. BRETT

The one true city

Reason, nature, and the human good

Election and consent

Hierarchy and grace

History, autonomy, and rights

 Conclusion

13 Medieval philosophy in later thought

  P. J. FITZPATRICK AND JOHN HALDANE

 The Renaissance and seventeenth century

 Current engagements

14 Transmission and translation

  THOMAS WILLIAMS

 Channels of transmission

 Three case studies

 Translating medieval philosophy

 Pairs and snares

 A word of encouragement

 Chronology of philosophers and major events

 Biographies of major medieval philosophers

 Bibliography

 Index