该书主要内容包括：新疆是中国领土不可分割的一部分、新疆从来不是“东突厥斯坦”、新疆各民族是中华民族的组成部分、维吾尔族是经过长期迁徙融合形成的、新疆各民族文化是中华文化的组成部分、新疆历来是多种宗教并存的地区、伊斯兰教不是维吾尔族天生信仰且专享信仰的宗教等。

Preamble
Ⅰ.Xinjiang Has Long Been an Inseparable Part of Chinese Territory
Ⅱ.Xinjiang Has Never Been "East Turkistan"
Ⅲ.The Ethnic Groups in Xinjiang Are Part of the Chinese Nation
Ⅳ.The Uygur Ethnic Group Formed Through a Long Process of Migration and Integration
Ⅴ.Xinjiang Ethnic Cultures Are Part of Chinese Culture
Ⅵ.Multiple Religions Have Long Coexisted in Xinjiang
Ⅶ.Islam Is Neither an Indigenous nor the Sole Belief System of the Uygurs
Conclusion
Appendix: A Brief Chronology of Chinese History