《催化材料表征》是一本现代的综合性参考书，包括商业应用中的催化材料的分析。这本书提供了对每种催化材料性能理解的信息，讨论了这些材料在不同技术中的应用，如污染控制、化学与石油加工。每章都是由各自领域内国际公认的专家所撰写，按照催化剂种类，表面、界面和可能需要的块体表征类型进行组织，以方便参考。从材料角度撰写，催化材料的表征一书重点在于测试的性能而不是使用的技术。本书由布伦德尔、埃文斯、沃克斯著。

Preface to the Reissue of the Materials Characterization Series

Preface to Series

Preface to the Reissue of Characterization of Catalytic Materials

Preface

Contributors

BULK METALS AND ALLOYS

 1.1 Introduction

 The Role of Metals and Alloys in Catalysis

 1.2 Preparation of Bulk Alloy or Bimetallic Catalysts

 1.3 Bulk Metal Characterization Methods

 Bulk Chemical Analysis 4, Determination of Crystal

 Structure 5, Morphology and Microstructure 6, Quantification

 of Surface Area 8, Surface Composition 9, Gas-Surface

 Interactions 11, Surface Structure of Single Crystals and Metal Films

 1.4 Surface Composition-Structure and Catalysis Relationship

SUPPORTED METALS

 2.1 Introduction

 Characteristics of Supported Metals 18, Conditions

 of Characterization of Supported Metals

 2.2 Typical Approaches to Metals Characterization

 Chemisorption 19, Methods of Measuring Chemisorption

 2.3 Reaction Studies of Supported Metals

 2.4 X-ray Diffraction and Scattering Methods

 Particle Sizes from Line-Broadening 27, Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

 2.5 Electron Microscopy

 2.6 X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy

 Preparation for Measurements 32, Interpretation of

 Information 32, Strengths and Weaknesses of XAS

 2.7 Massbauer Spectroscopy

 2.8 Photoelectron/Photoemission Spectroscopy

 2.9 Magnetic Methods

 2.10 Summary

BULK METAL OXIDES

 3.1 Introduction

 Oxides as Catalysts 47, Mechanistic Features of Oxide Catalyzed Reactions

 3.2 Synthesis Methods

 3.3 Properties of Oxides and Their Relation to Catalytic Behavior 51

 Determination of Bulk Structure 51, Bulk Composition 57, Metal Oxidation

 State and Local Structural Environment 57, Characterization by Electron

 Microscopy 60, Surface Characterization Using Molecular Probes 61,

 Surface Characterization Using Spectroscopic Analyses 63, Reducibility

 and Oxide Ion Mobility 64, Magnetic and Electronic Properties 65

 3.4 Summary

SUPPORTED METAL OXIDES

 4.1 Introduction

 4.2 Synthesis Methods

 4.3 Characterization

 Structure of the Supported Metal Oxide Phase 71, Surface Coverage

 of the Supported Metal Oxide Phase 73, Oxidation States and Local

 Structural Environments of Supported Metal Oxide Phases 75, Morphology

 of the Supported Metal Oxide Phase 77, Surface Chemistry of

 Supported Metal Oxides 77, Characterization Summary

 4.4 Impregnating Solution Chemistry

 4.5 Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts Under Ambient Conditions

 4.6 Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts Under In Situ Conditions

 4.7 Catalysis and Structure-Reactivity Relationship

 4.8 Summary

 5.1 Introduction

 5.2 Preparation of Bulk TMS Catalysts

 Binary Sulfides 90, Mixed Metal Sulfides

 5.3 Bulk Characterization

 Structures of TMS and Stable Catalytic Phases 92, Morphology, Particle Size,

 and Surface Area 94, Metal Oxidation State and Structural Environment

 5.4 Surface Composition

 Chemisorption and Molecular Probes 96, Surface

 Characterization Using Spectroscopic Techniques

 5.5 Structure-Function Relationships

 Importance of the Electronic Structure 100, Effect of the Crystallographic

 Structure 102, Effect of the Sulfur Vacancies

 5.6 Summary

SUPPORTED METAL SULFIDES

 6.1 Introduction

 6.2 Structure of the Oxidic Catalyst

 6.3 Structure of the Sulfidic Catalyst

 Structure of Molybdenum 114, Structure of Cobalt and Nickel

 6.4 Specific Surface Area

 6.5 Structure-Reactivity Relationships

 Role of Molybdenum 121, Roleofthe Promoter 122, Role of Phosphate

 6.6 Summary

ZEOLITES AND MOLECULAR SIEVES

 7.1 Introduction

 7.2 Structure of Zeolites and Molecular Sieves

 7.3 X-ray, Neutron, and Electron Diffraction

 Identification of Zeolites 134, Compositional and Phase

 Changes 135, Structure Determination by Diffraction Techniques

 7.4 High-Resolution Electron Microscopy

 7.5 Solid State NMR Spectroscopy

 Framework Composition 139, Tetrahedral Atom

 Ordering 141, New Developments

 7.6 Adsorption

 Void Volume 142, Pore Size

 7.7 Structure and Catalytic Behavior

 7.8 Summary

ALUMINA PILLARED CLAYS:

METHODS OF PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION

 8.1 Introduction

 8.2 Synthesis Methods

 8.3 Properties of Pillared Clays

 X-ray Diffraction Pattern 152, Elemental Analysis 153, Electron

 Microscopy 154, Pore Structure by Adsorption-Desorption

 Techniques 155, Surface Acidity 158, 29Si and 27A1 MAS-

 NMR 158, Pillared Clays As Catalysts

 8.4 Summary

APPENDIXES: TECHNIQUES SUMMARIES

 1 Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES)

 2 Dynamic Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (D-SIMS)

 3 Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy in the Transmission Electron Microscope (EELS)

 4 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance/Electron Spin Resonance

 5 Electron Probe X-Ray Microanalysis (EPMA)

 6 Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS)

 7 Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS)

 8 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)

 9 High-Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (HREELS)

 10 Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS)

 11 Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES)

 12 Ion Scattering Spectroscopy (ISS)

 13 Low-Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED)

 14 M6ssbauer Spectroscopy

 15 Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA)

 16 Neutron Diffraction

 17 Physical and Chemical Adsorption for the Measurement of Solid State Areas

 18 Raman Spectroscopy

 19 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

 20 Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM)

 21 Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Scanning Force Microscopy (STM and SFM)

 22 Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)

 23 Static Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (Static SIMS)

 24 Temperature Programmed Techniques

 25 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)

 26 Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS)

 27 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)

 28 X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF)

 29 X-Ray Photoelectron and Auger Electron Diffraction (XPD and AED)

 30 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)

 Index