关于《英国皇家学会前言科技丛书》的一点说明
PREFACE
INTRODUCTION
Giles Davies
THE SHAPE OF CARBON: NOVEL MATERIALS FOR
THE 21ST CENTURY
Humberto Terrones and Mauricio Terrones
1 Introduction
2 New Carbon Nanostructures: Fullerenes, Carbon Onions,
Nanotubes, Etc
2.1 Fullerene discovery and bulk synthesis
2.2 From giant fullerenes to graphitic onions
2.3 Carbon nanotubes
2.3.1 Identification and structure of carbon nanotubes
2.3.2 Carbon nanotube production methods
2.3.3 Mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes
2.3.4 Electronic properties of carbon nanotubes
2.3.5 Thermal properties of carbon nanotubes
2.3.6 Carbon nanocones
2.3.7 Negatively curved graphite: Helices, toroids, and schwarzites
2.3.8 Haeckelites
3 The Future of Carbon Nanostructures: Applications and Emerging Technologies
3.1 Field emission sources
3.2 Scanning probe tips
3.3 Li ion batteries
3.4 Electrochemical devices: Supercapacitors and actuators
3.5 Molecular sensors
3.6 Carbon-carbon nanocomposites: Joining and connecting carbon nanotubes
3.7 Gas and hydrogen storage
3.8 Nanotube electronic devices
3.9 Biological devices
3.10 Nanotube polymer composites
3.11 Nanotube ceramic composites
3.12 Layered coated nanotubes
4 Conclusions and Future Work
2. INORGANIC NANOWIRES
Caterina Ducati
1 Introduction
2 Synthesis of High Aspect Ratio Inorganic Nanostructures
2.1 Low-temperature chemical vapor deposition of silicon nanowires
2.2 Synthesis of RuO2 nanorods in solution
2.3 Physical methods for the synthesis of SiC nanorods and NiS-MoS2 nanowires
3 Outlook
3. MULTILAYERED MATERIALS: A PALETTE FOR
THE MATERIALS ARTIST
Jon M. Molina-Aldareguia and Stephen J. Lloyd
1 Introduction
2 Multilayers
3 Electron Microscopy
4 Hard Coatings
4.1 TiN/NbN multilayers: A case where plastic flow is confined within each layer
4.2 TiN/SiNs multilayers: A case where columnar growth is interrupted
4.3 TiN/SiNs multilayers revisited: A case where totally new behavior (not found in the bulk at all) is unraveled when the layers are made extremely thin
Metallic Magnetic Multilayers
Conclusion and Future Developments
4. NATURE AS CHIEF ENGINEER
Simon R. Hall
1 Nature Inspires Engineering
2 Nature Becomes Engineering
3 Engineering Nature
3.1 The future
5. SUPRAMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY: THE
"BOTTOM-UP" APPROACH TO
NANOSCALE SYSTEMS
Philip A. Gale
1 Introduction
2 Molecular Recognition
3 Self-Assembly
4 Self-Assembly with Covalent Modification
5 Supramolecular Approaches to Molecular Machines
6 Conclusion
6. MOLECULAR SELF-ASSEMBLY: A TOOLKIT FOR
ENGINEERING AT THE NANOMETER SCALE
Christoph Wiilti
1 Introduction
2 Functionalized Surfaces
3 DNA-Based Branched Complexes
4 Manipulation of DNA by Electric Fields
5 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions
7. EXPLORING TUNNEL TRANSPORT THROUGH
PROTEIN AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL
Jason J. Davis, Nan Wang, Wang Xi, and Jianwei Zhao
1 Introduction
2 Molecular Electronics
3 Assembling Proteins at Electroactive Surfaces
4 Protein Tunnel Transport Probed in an STM Junction
5 Assaying Protein Conductance in CP-AFM Configurations
5.1 Tunnel transport under conditions of low to moderate load
5.2 Modulation of protein conductance under moderate load
5.3 Accessing the metallic states: Negative differential resistance
6 Conclusions
8. TWO FRONTIERS OF ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING:
SIZE AND FREQUENCY
John Cunningham
1 Introduction: Size and Frequency Limits for Modern
Electronic Systems
2 Single Electronics
2.1 Confining electrons
2.2 Electron pumps and turnstiles
2.3 Surface acoustic wave devices
3 Picosecond Electronics
3.1 Excitation and detection
3.2 Transmission of signals
3.3 Passive devices, filters, and dielectric loading
4 Future Prospects
9. ERASABLE ELECTROSTATIC LITHOGRAPHY TO
FABRICATE QUANTUM DEVICES
Roll Crook
1 Quantum Devices
1.1 Fabrication
Scanning Probe Lithographic Techniques
2.1 Local anodic oxidation
2.2 Scribing
2.3 Atomic manipulation
Erasable Electrostatic Lithography
3.1 Characterizing erasable electrostatic lithography
3.2 Future developments
Quantum Devices and Scanning Probes
4.1 Quantum wires
4.2 Quantum billiards
4.3 Quantum rings
4.4 Future devices
10. ULTRAFAST NANOMAGNETS: SEEING DATA
STORAGE IN A NEW LIGHT
Robert J. Hicken
1 Introduction
2 What Makes a Magnet?
3 How Are Nanomagnets Different?
4 Recording Technology and Speed Bottlenecks
5 Observing Ultrafast Magnetization Dynamics
6 Harnessing Precession
7 Optical Modification of the Spontaneous Magnetization
8 Future Trends
11. NEAR-FIELD MICROSCOPY: THROWING LIGHT
ON THE NANOWORLD
David Richards
1 Introduction
1.1 The need for nanoscale resolution optical microscopy
1.2 Breaking the diffraction limit
1.3 Scanning near-field optical microscopy
1.4 Nano-optics: The path toward nanometer optical resolution
2 Aperture-SNOM
2.1 Implementation
2.2 Near-field fluorescence microscopy of light-emitting polymer blends
2.3 Beware of artifacts
3 Apertureless Near-Field Microscopy: The Promise of True
Nanometer-Resolution Optical Imaging
3.1 Near-field optical microscopy with a metal or dielectric tip
3.2 "Single-molecule" fluorescent probes for SNOM
4 Tip-Enhanced Spectroscopy
4.1 Tip-enhanced Raman scattering
4.2 Tip-enhanced fluorescence
5 Future Developments
12. SMALL THINGS BRIGHT AND BEAUTIFUL:
SINGLE MOLECULE FLUORESCENCE
DETECTION
Mark A. Osborne
1 Introduction
1.1 Principles
1.2 Probes
1.3 Excitation schemes
1.4 Collection optics
1.5 Detectors
2 Detection Modalities
2.1 Single molecule signatures
2.2 Photon antibunching
2.3 Fluorescence lifetimes
2.4 Polarization spectroscopy
2.5 Wide-field orientation imaging
2.6 Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
2.7 Spectral diffusion
2.8 Fluorescence resonance energy transfer
2.9 Single molecule localization
Outlook
INDEX