This book is the first one that comprehensively and systematically introduces smart or intelligent membranes with environmental stimuli-responsive functions.The contents range from flat membranes to microcapsule membranes with various response properties, such as thermo-response, pH-response, glucose-response,molecular-recognition and dual-/multi-stimuli-response, and so on. Each chapter is independent, in which the design concept, fabrication strategy and methods,microstructures and performance of smart membranes are clearly described.Lively schematic illustrations and pictures throughout the text help make the theory and technologies more accessible to readers. The author sincerely hopes that this book will be a valuable reference work for designing and fabricating artificial biomimetic smart membranes for various application purposes and for grasping the current status of smart membrane materials and systems.

Smart Membrane Materials and Systems From Flat Membranes to Microcapsule Membranes comprehensively and systematically treats modern understanding of smart or intelligent membranes with envi-ronmental stimuli-responsive functions. The contents range from flat membranes to microcapsule membranes with various response properties, such as thermo-response, pH-response, glucose-response,molecular-recognition, and dual-/multi-stimuli-response. While chapters may be read as stand-alone, together they clearly describe cover design concepts, fabrication strategies and methods, micro-structures and performances of smart membranes. Vivid schematics and illustrations throughout the book enhance accessibility to the theory and technologies.

The book is intended for researchers and postgraduate students in membrane science and technology, separations and controlled-release.

1 Introduction

 1.1 A Glance at Membranes and Their Developments

 1.2 Environmental Stimuli-Responsive Gating Model of Biomembranes

 1.3 Environmental Stimuli-Responsive Smart Materials

1.3.1 Thermo-Responsive Smart Materials

1.3.2 pH-Responsive Smart Materials

1.3.3 Glucose-Responsive Smart Materials

1.3.4 Molecular-Recognizable Smart Materials

 1.4 Bio-Inspired Design of Environmental Stimuli-Responsive Smart

Membranes

1.4.1 Smart Membranes with Porous Substrates and

Stimuli-Responsive Gates

1.4.2 Smart Membranes with Grafted Stimuli-Responsive Surfaces

1.4.3 Stimuli-Responsive Smart Hydrogel Membranes

 References

2 Thermo-Responsive Gating Membranes: Design, Microstrnctures and

Performances

 2.1 Design of Thermo-Responsive Gating Membranes

 2.2 Formation and Microstructures of Grafted PNIPAM Polymers in

Pore-Filling Type Thermo-Responsive Gating Membranes

2.2.1 Pore-Filling Type Thermo-Responsive Gating Membranes

Fabricated by Plasma-Induced Grafting Polymerization

2.2.2 Pore-Filling Type Thermo-Responsive Gating Membranes

Fabricated by Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization

 2.3 Effect of the Grafting Yield on Thermo-Responsive Gating

Characteristics of Pore-Filling Type PNIPAM-Grafted Membranes

2.3.1 Substrate Membranes with Regular Straight Pore

Microstructures

2.3.2 Substrate Membranes with Irregular Pore Microstructures

 2.4 Effect of the Length and Density of Grafted Chains on

Thermo-Responsive Gating Characteristics of

PNIPAM-Grafted Gating Membranes

 2.5 Gating Characteristics of Thermo-Responsive Membranes with Grafted

Linear and Crosslinked PNIPAM Gates

 2.6 Thermo-Responsive Wettability Characteristics of PNIPAM-Grafted

Membranes

 2.7 Thermo-Responsive Gating Membranes with Controllable Response

Temperature

 2.8 Membranes with Negatively Thermo-Responsive Gating

Characteristics

 References

3 Smart Microeapsules with Thermo-Responsive Gating Membranes

 3.1 Design of Smart Microcapsules with Thermo-Responsive Gating

Membranes

 3.2 Fabrication and Performance of Thermo-Responsive Microcapsules with

Porous Membrane and PNIPAM Gates

3.2.1 Fabrication of Hollow Microcapsules with Porous Membrane

3.2.2 Grafting PNIPAM Gates in the Membrane Pores of

Microcapsules

3.2.3 Thermo-Responsive Controlled-Release Characteristics

 3.3 Monodispersed Thermo-Responsive Microcapsules with Porous

Membrane and PNIPAM Gates

3.3.1 Preparation of Monodispersed Microcapsules with Porous

Membrane

3.3.2 Monodispersed Microcapsules with Porous Membrane and

Grafted PNIPAM Gates

3.3.3 Thermo-Responsive Controlled-Release Characteristics

 References

4 Smart Microeapsules with Thermo-Responsive Hydrogel Membranes

 4.1 Introduction

 4.2 Monodisperse Thermo-Responsive PNIPAM Hollow Microcapsules

Prepared with W/O Single Emulsions as Templates

4.2.1 Fabrication Strategy and Microstructure Control

4.2.2 Thermo-Responsive Characteristics

 4.3 Monodisperse Thermo-Responsive PNIPAM Hollow Microcapsules

Prepared with O/W/O Double Emulsions as Templates

4.3.1 Fabrication Strategy and Microstructure Control

4.3.2 Thermo-Responsive Controlled-Release Characteristics

 4.4 Monodisperse Thermo-Responsive PNIPAM Hollow Microcapsules

Prepared with W/OAV/O Triple Emulsions as Templates

4.4.1 Thermo-Responsive Squirting Microcapsules for Nanoparticle

Delivery

4.4.2 Thermo-Responsive Trojan-Horse-Like Microcapsules

 4.5 Summary and Outlook

 References

5 Thermo-Responsive Membranes for Chiral Resolution

 5.1 Introduction

 5.2 Concept and Design of the Thermo-Responsive Membrane for Chiral

Resolution

 5.3 Preparation and Componential and Morphological Characterization of

Membranes

5.3.1 Preparation ofThermo-Responsive Chiral Membranes

5.3.2 Componential and Morphological Characterization of

Membranes

 5.4 Chiral Resolution Performance of Tryptophan Enantiomers with

Thermo-Responsive Membranes

5.4.1 Permeation of D,L-Tryptophan through Grafted

Thermo-Responsive Membranes

5.4.2 Effects of Grafting Yield and Temperature on Chiral Resolution

of D,L-Tryptophan through Membranes

 5.5 Decomplexation ofTryptophan Enantiomers from Thermo-Responsive

Membranes

 5.6 Summary

 References

6 Thermo-Responsive Membranes for Affinity Separation

 6.1 Introduction

 6.2 Thermo-Responsive Affinity Membrane with Nano-Structured Pores and

Grafted PNIPAM Surface Layer for Hydrophobic Adsorption

6.2.1 Design of Thermo-Responsive Affinity Membrane with

Nano-Structured Pores and Grafted PNIPAM Surface Layer

6.2.2 Preparation and Characterization of Thermo-Responsive

Membrane with Nano-Structured Pores and Grafted

PNIPAM Surface Layer

6.2.3 Thermo-Responsive Adsorption/Desorption Characteristics

 6.3 Temperature-Dependent Molecular-Recognizable Membranes for

Affinity Separation

6.3.1 Design and Preparation of Thermo-Responsive Molecular-

Recognizable Membranes for Affinity Separation

6.3.2 Morphological Characterization of Membranes

6.3.3 Thermo-Responsive Adsorption/Desorption Characteristics

 6.4 Summary

 References

7 pH-Responsive Gating Membrane Systems with Pumping Effects

 7.1 Introduction

 7.2 Design of the Composite pH-Responsive Gating Membrane System with

Pumping Effects

 7.3 Preparation and Characterization of the Composite pH-Responsive

Membrane System

7.3.1 Preparation and Characterization ofpH-Responsive

PMAA-g-PVDF Gating Membranes

7.3.2 Preparation and Characterization of Crosslinked pH-Responsive

PDM Hydrogels

 7.4 pH-Responsive Controlled-Release Characteristics of the Composite

Membrane System with Pumping Effects

 7.5 Summary

 References

8 Smart Microcapsules with pH-Responsive Hydrogel Membranes

 8.1 Introduction

 8.2 Design and Fabrication Strategy of Smart Microcapsules with

pH-Responsive Chitosan Hydrogel Membranes

 8.3 Preparation of Microcapsules with Crosslinked Chitosan Hydrogel

Membranes

8.3.1 Microfluidic Device

8.3.2 Preparation of Microcapsules with Crosslinked Chitosan

Hydrogel Membranes

 8.4 Morphological Characterization of Chitosan Microcapsules

 8.5 pH-Responsive Property of Microcapsules with Chitosan Hydrogel

Membranes

 8.6 Summary

 References

9 Glucose-Responsive Gating Membranes

 9.1 Introduction

 9.2 Glucose-Responsive Flat Gating Membranes

9.2.1 Fabrication of Glucose-Responsive Flat Gating Membranes

9.2.2 Characterization of Glucose-Responsive Flat Gating Membranes

9.2.3 pH-Responsive Control of the Pore Size of PAAC-Grafied

Membranes

9.2.4 Glucose-Responsive Controlled-Release Characteristics

 9.3 Glucose-Responsive Microcapsule Membranes

9.3.1 Design of Glucose-Responsive Microcapsule Membranes

9.3.2 Preparation of Glucose-Responsive Microcapsule Membranes

9.3.3 Characterization of Glucose-Responsive Microcapsule

Membranes

9.3.4 Glucose-Responsive Controlled-Release Characteristics of

Microcapsules

 9.4 Summary

 References

10 Molecular-Recognizable Smart Membranes

 10.1 Introduction

 10.2 Molecular-Recognizable Smart Membranes with β-CDs as Host

Molecules

10.2.1 Design of Molecular-Recognizable Gating Membranes with

β-CDs as Host Molecules

10.2.2 Fabrication of Molecular-Recognizable Gating Membranes with

β-CDs as Host Molecules

10.2.3 Componential and Morphological Characterization of

Membranes

10.2.4 Molecular-Recognizable Diffusional Permeability and Gating

Characteristics

 10.3 Molecular-Recognizable Smart Membranes with Crown Ethers as Host

Molecules

10.3.1 Smart Microcapsules with Molecular-Recognizable Gating

Membranes

10.3.2 Smart Microcapsules with Molecular-Recognizable Hydrogel

Membranes

 10.4 Summary

 References

11 Dual-/Multi-Stimuli-Responsive Smart Membranes

 11.1 Introduction

 11.2 Dual Stimuli-Responsive Microcapsules with Superparamagnetic

Porous Membrane and Thermo-Responsive Gates

11.2.1 Strategy for Fabricating Microcapsules with Superparamagnetic

Porous Membrane and Thermo-Responsive Gates

11.2.2 Preparation of Microcapsules with Superparamagnetic Porous

Membrane and Thermo-Responsive Gates

11.2.3 Morphology and Composition Characterization of the

Microcapsules

11.2.4 Magnetic Properties of PNIPAM-Grafted Magnetic

Microcapsules

11.2.5 Thermo-Responsive Controlled-Release Properties of

PNIPAM-Grafied Magnetic Microcapsules..

 11.3 Superparamagnetic and Thermo-Responsive Microcapsules with

Hydrogel Membranes

 11.4 Dual Thermo-Responsive and Molecular-Recognizable Membranes

 11.5 Multi-Stimuli-Responsive Membrane Gates with Hierarchical

Structures

 11.6 Summary

 References

12 Perspectives on Smart Membrane Materials and Systems

 12.1 Development Trend of Smart Membrane Materials and Systems

 12.2 Potential Applications of Smart Membranes

Index