本书是“当代国外语言学与应用语言学文库”之一，全书共分7个章节，主要对社会语言学的相关知识作了介绍。书中所阐述的都是有关社会语言学的基本题目，也是学习语言学的学生或对社会语言学感兴趣的人们必须了解的一般知识。与同类书的不同之处在于本书的题目更概括，更理论化，更具启发性。作者时时处处都会把社会语言学的观点、看法和研究成果与理论语言学的传统联系起来，提出批评或表达自己的新看法，从这个角度来看，它不仅是语言学专业的学生必读的教科书，而且也是语言学的研究人员不可或缺的参考文献。

This new edition of R. A. Hudson's widely acclaimed textbook Sociolinguistics will be welcomed by students and teachers alike. To reflect changes in the field since publication of the first edition in 1980, the author has added new sections on politeness, accommodation and prototypes; and he has expanded discussion of sex differences in language use, and the relationship between language and thought. Over a third of the second edition is completely new, and there is one entirely new chapter, but ample coverage of classic topics such as varieties of language, speech as social interaction, the quantitative study of speech and linguistic and social inequality, remains. Like the first, the second edition of Sociolinguistics is an exceptionally clear and helpful overview of the relationship of language and society.

Preface by Halliday

王宗炎序

导读

Preface to the second edition

Preface to the first edition

1 Introduction

 1.1 Soeiolinguistics

1.1.1 A description

1.1.2 Sociolinguistics and linguistics

1.1.3 Sociolinguistics and the sociology of language

 1.2 Sociolinguistic phenomena

1.2.1 An imaginary world

1.2.2 A real but exotic world

1.2.3 A real and familiar world

 1.3 Speakers and communities

1.3.1 Conformity and individualism

1.3.2 The sociolinguistic development of the child

 1.4 Summary and conclusions

2 Varieties of language

 2.1 Introduction

2.1.1 Global and specific statements

2.1.2 Linguistic items

2.1.3 Varieties of language

2.1.4 'Speech communities'

 2.2 Languages

2.2.1 'Language'and'dialect'

2.2.2 Standard languages

2.2.3 The delimitation of languages

2.2.4 The family tree model

 2.3 Dialects

2.3.1 Regional dialects and isoglosses

2.3.2 Diffusion and the wave theory

2.3.3 Socialdialects

2.3.4 Types of linguistic item

 2.4 Registers

2.4.1 Registers anddialects

2.4.2 Diglossia

 2.5 Mixture of varieties

2.5.1 Code-switching

2.5.2 Code-mixing

2.5.3 Borrowing

2.5.4 Pidgins

2.5.5 Creoles

 2.6 Conclusions

3 Language, culture and thought

 3.1 Introduction

3.1.1 Culture

3.1.2 Thought

3.1.3 Language, culture and thought

 3.2 Linguistic and cultural relativity

3.2.1 Semantic relativity

3.2.2 Prototypes

3.2.3 Basic-level concepts

3.2.4 Conclusions

 3.3 Language and thought

3.3.1 Language and socialisation

3.3.2 The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

3.3.3 Sexism in the language system

 3.4 General conclusions

4 Speech as social interaction

 4.1 The social nature of speech

4.1.1 Introduction

4.1.2 The classification of speech

4.1.3 Speech as skilled work

4.1.4 The norms governing speech

4.1.5 Conclusion

 4.2 Speech as a signal of social identity

4.2.1 Non-relationalsocialcategories

4.2.2 Power andsolidarity

4.2.3 Linguistic signals of power and solidarity

 4.3 The structure of speech

4.3.I Entries and exits

4.3.2 Other kinds of structure in speech

4.4 Verbal and non-verbal behaviour

4.4.1 Relation-markers

4.4.2 Structure-markers

4.4.3 Content-markers

 4.5 Male/female differences in speech

5 The quantitative study of speech

 5.1 Introduction

5.1.1 The scope of quantitative studies of speech

5.1.2 Why study speech quantitatively?

 5.2 Methodology

5.2.1 Problems of methodology

5.2.2 An example: New York

5.2.3 An example: Norwich

5.2.4 An example: Belfast

5.2.5 An example: Cardiff

5.2.6 An example: Detroit

 5.3 Linguistic variables

5.3.1 Types of variable

5.3.2 Calculating scores for texts

5.3.3 Calculating scores for individuals and groups

 5.4 Influences on linguistic variables

5.4.1 Linguistic context

5.4.2 The speaker's group membership

5.4.3 The speaker's degree of group membership

5.4.4 The speaker's sex

5.4.5 The situation and 'style'

 5.5 Summary

6 Linguistic and social inequality

 6.1 Linguistic inequality

6.1.1 Introduction

6.1.2 Three types of linguistic inequality

 6.2 Subjective inequality

6.2.1 Language-basedprejudice

6.2.2 Evaluation of language

6.2.3 Stereotypes and how to study them

6.2.4 Prejudice of teachers

6.2.5 Prejudice of pupils

 6.3 Linguistic incompetence: strictly linguistic inequality

 6.4 Communicative incompetence: inequality in communication

7 Theoretical summary

 7.1 Introduction

 7.2 The social functions of language

7.2.1 Face

7.2.2 Solidarity and accommodation

7.2.3 Networksandmultiplemodels

7.2.4 Social types and acts of identity

7.2.5 Power

7.2.6 Analogue relationships and variability

 7.3 The structure of language

7.3.1 Background

7.3.2 The history of the isolation of language

7.3.3 Evidence against the isolation of language

7.3.4 Two further sources of variability

7.3.5 implications for theories of language structure

Bibliography

Index

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