进入21世纪以来，随着对语用学的深入研究，人们在普通语用学的基础上提出一系列的语用学新兴分支学科，如跨文化语用学、语际语用学、实验语用学、词汇语用学、认知语用学等。所以在过去的10年中，如果问及语言学的语用学方面的研究到底有何进展，作者的《语用学》一书可以给我们提供一个周全的答案，展现出一幅比较完整的语用学研究图景。此外，这本书对语用学与句法学以及语义学的界面研究也有独到的见解。

Preface

Acknowledgements

Symbols and abbreviations

1. Introduction

 1.1. What is pragmatics?

1.1.1. A definition

1.1.2. A brief history of pragmatics

1.1.3. Two main schools of thought in pragmatics: Anglo-American versus European Continental

 1.2. Why pragmatics?

1.2.1. Linguistic underdeterminacy

1.2.2. Simplification of semantics and syntax

 1.3. Some basic notions in semantics and pragmatics

1.3.1. Sentence, utterance, proposition

1.3.2. Context

1.3.3. Truth value, truth condition, entailment

 1.4. Organization of the book

 Key concepts

 Exercises and essay questions

 Further readings

Part Ⅰ Central topics in pragmatics

2. Implicature

 2.1. Classical Gricean theory of conversational implicature

2.1.1. The co-operative principle and the maxims of conversation

2.1.2. Relationship between the speaker and the maxims

2.1.3. Conversational implicatureo versus conversational implicatureF

2.1.4. Generalized versus particularized conversational implicature

2.1.5. Properties of conversational implicature

 2.2. Two neo-Gricean pragmatic theories of conversational implicature

2.2.1. The Hornian system

2.2.2. The Levinsonian system

 2.3. Conventional implicature

2.3.1. What is conventional implicature?

2.3.2. Properties of conventional implicature

 2.4. Summary

 Key concepts

 Exercises and essay questions

 Further readings

3. Presupposition

 3.1. What is presupposition?

 3.2. Properties of presupposition

3.2.1. Constancy under negation

3.2.2. Defeasibility

3.2.3. The projection problem

 3.3. Analyses

3.3.1. The filtering-satisfaction analysis

3.3.2. The cancellation analysis

3.3.3. The accommodation analysis

 3.4. Summary

 Key concepts

 Exercises and essay questions

 Further readings

4. Speech acts

 4.1. Performatives versus constatives

4.1.1. The performative/constative dichotomy

4.1.2. The performative hypothesis

 4.2. Austin's felicity conditions on performatives

 4.3. Locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary speech acts

 4.4. Searle's felicity conditions on speech acts

 4.5. Searle's typology of speech acts

 4.6. Indirect speech acts

4.6.1. What is an indirect speech act?

4.6.2. How is an indirect speech act analysed?

4.6.3. Why is an indirect speech act used? Some remarks on politeness

 4.7. Speech acts and culture

4.7.1. Cross-cultural variation

4.7.2. Interlanguage variation

 4.8. Summary

 Key concepts

 Exercises and essay questions

 Further readings

5. Deixis

 5.1. Preliminaries

5.1.1. Deictic versus non-deictic expression

5.1.2. Gestural versus symbolic use of a deictic expression

5.1.3. Deictic centre and deictic projection

 5.2. Basic categories of deixis

5.2.1. Person deixis

5.2.2. Time deixis

5.2.3. Space deixis

 5.3. Other categories of deixis

5.3.1. Social deixis

5.3.2. Discourse deixis

 5.4. Summary

 Key concepts

 Exercises and essay questions

 Further readings

Part Ⅱ Pragmatics and its interfaces

6. Pragmatics and cognition: relevance theory

 6.1. Relevance

6.1.1. The cognitive principle of relevance

6.1.2. The communicative principle of relevance

 6.2. Explicature, implicature, and conceptual versus procedural meaning

6.2.1. Grice: what is said versus what is implicated

6.2.2. Explicature

6.2.3. Implicature

6.2.4. Conceptual versus procedural meaning

 6.3. From Fodorian 'central process' to submodule of 'theory of mind'

6.3.1. Fodorian theory of cognitive modularity

6.3.2. Sperber and Wilson's earlier position: pragmatics as Fodorian 'central process'

6.3.3. Sperber and Wilson's current position: pragmatics as submodule of 'theory of mind'

 6.4. Relevance theory compared with classical/neo-Gricean theory

 6.5. Summary

 Key concepts

 Exercises and essay questions

 Further readings

7. Pragmatics and semantics

 7.1. Reductionism versus complementarism

 7.2. Drawing the semantics-pragmatics distinction

7.2.1. Truth-conditional versus non-truth-conditional meaning

7.2.2. Conventional versus non-conventional meaning

7.2.3. Context independence versus context dependence

 7.3. Pragmatic intrusion into what is said and the semantics-pragmatics interface

7.3.1. Grice: what is said versus what is implicated revisited

7.3.2. Relevance theorists: explicature

7.3.3. Recanati: the pragmatically enriched said

7.3.4. Bach: conversational impliciture

7.3.5. Can explicature/the pragmatically enriched said/impliciture be distinguished from implicature?

7.3.6. Levinson: conversational implicature

7.3.7. The five analyses compared

 7.4. Summary

 Key concepts

 Exercises and essay questions

 Further readings

8. Pragmatics and syntax

 8.1. Chomsky's views about language and linguistics

 8.2. Chomsky's binding theory

 8.3. Problems for Chomsky's binding theory

8.3.1. Binding condition A

8.3.2. Binding condition B

8.3.3. Complementarity between anaphors and pronominals

8.3.4. Binding condition C

 8.4. A revised neo-Gricean pragmatic theory of anaphora

8.4.1. The general pattern of anaphora

8.4.2. A revised neo-Gricean pragmatic apparatus for anaphora

8.4.3. The binding patterns

8.4.4. Beyond the binding patterns

8.4.5. Logophoricityandemphaticness/contrastiveness

 8.5. Theoretical implications

 8.6. Summary

 Key concepts

 Exercises and essay questions

 Further readings

Glossary

References

Suggested solutions to exercises

Index of names

Index of languages, language families, and language areas

Index of subjects