文秋芳、衡仁权编著的《新编语言学导论》全书分为三部分。第一部分语言体系（Language system），第二部分语言运用（Language use），第三部分语言学习（Language learning）。从新的视角系统全面的介绍语言学的内容和发展。可作为英语专业本科学生的教材，也可作为硕士研究生的辅助读本。

文秋芳、衡仁权编著的《新编语言学导论》全书分为三部分。第一部分语言体系（Language system），第二部分语言运用（Language use），第三部分语言学习（Language learning）。全书用英文撰写，行文流畅。简明易懂，概念明确，例证丰富。每个章节后面附有总结（Summary）、学习建议（Suggestions for study）、练习（Questions and exercises）与小型研究课题（Mini—research project），便于教师组织教学，也方便读者自学。《新编语言学导论》可作为英语专业本科学生的教材，也可作为硕士研究生的辅助读本。

Introduction 1

 1 Linguistics and English linguistics

 2 Structure of the book 2

 Part I Language System

 Overview 3

Chapter One What Is Language？ 5

 1.1 The nature of language 5

 1.1.1 Defininglanguage 5

 1.1.2 The design features of language 6

 1.2 Distinctions between important concept pairs in linguistic study 10

 1.2.1 Synchronic and diachronic 10

 1.2.2 Langue and parole 11

 1.2.3 Competence and performance 11

 1.2.4 Syntagmatic and paradigmatic 11

 Summary 12

 Suggestions for study 13

 Questions and exercises 13

 Mini-research project 14

ChapterTwo Phonetics 15

 2.1 Speech organs 15

 2.2 Consonants and vowels 16

 2.2.1 The International Phonetic Alphabet 16

 2.2.2 Describing the English consonants 17

 2.2.3 Describing the English vowels 23

 Summary 25

 Suggestions for study 26

 Questions and exercises 26

 Mini-research project 28

Chapter Three Phonology 29

 3.1 Important concepts in phonology 29

 3.1.1 Phonemes 29

 3.1.2 Minimal pairs and sets 30

 3.1.3 Phonemes, phones and allophones 30

 3.2 Identifying phonemes 32

 3.2.1 Environment and distribution 32

 3.2.2 Three types of distribution 33

 3.3 Sequences of phonemes 35

 3.4 Co-articulation effects 36

 3.4.1 Assimilation 36

 3.4.2 Elision 37

 3.5 Supra-segmental features 37

 3.5.1 Stress 37

 3.5.2 Tone and intonation 38

 3.5.3 Juncture 39

 Summary 40

 Suggestions for study 41

 Questions and exercises 41

 Mini-research project 43

Chapter Four Morphology 44

 4.1 What is morphology？ 44

 4.2 Morphemes 45

 4.3 Classifications of morphemes 46

 4.3.1 Roots and affixes 46

 4.3.2 Free morphemes and bound morphemes 47

 4.3.3 Prefixes, suffixes and infixes 48

 4.3.4 Inflectional and derivational affixes 48

 4.3.5 Root, base, and stem 50

 4.4 Morphemes, morphs and allomorphs 51

 4.5 Empty morph and zero morph 52

 4.6 Morphemic analysis 54

 4.7 The role of morphology in English 57

 4.7.1 Grammatical functions of inflectional morphology 57

 4.7.2 Derivational morphology and word-formation processes 57

 Summary 62

 Suggestions for study 63

 Questions and exercises 64

 Mini-research project 66

Chapter Five Syntax 67

 5.1 Structural description of sentences 67

 5.1.1 Syntactic relations 67

 5.1.1.1 Sequential （syntagmatic） relations 67

 5.1.1.2 Substitutional （paradigmatic） relations 68

 5.1.1.3 Hierarchical relations 69

 5.1.2 Labeled IC analysis and the hierarchical structuring of English sentences 71

 5.2 Generation of sentences 74

 5.2.1 Surface structure and deep structure 74

 5.2.2 A general description of phrase structure rules （PS rules） 77

 5.2.2.1 Noun phrases and adjective phrases 78

 5.2.2.2 Verb phrases and auxiliary phrases 78

 5.2.3 Transformational rules 82

 5.2.3.1 T-Affix 83

 5.2.3.2 Passivization 84

 Summary 86

 Suggestions for study 87

 Questions and exercises 88

 Mini-research project 90

Chapter Six Semantics 91

 6.1 What is meaning？ 91

 6.2 Lexical semantics 93

 6.2.1 Componential analysis 93

 6.2.1.1 What is componential analysis？ 93

 6.2.1.2 General and specific semantic features 94

 6.2.1.3 Redundant semantic features 94

 6.2.1.4 Semantic classes 95

 6.2.2 Semantic field 95

 6.2.2.1 What is a semantic field？ 95

 6.2.2.2 Sense relationships 96

 6.2.3 Lexical ambiguity 100

 6.2.3.1 Polysemy 100

 6.2.3.2 Homonymy 100

 6.2.4 Collocations in English 101

 6.3 Sentence semantics 102

 6.3.1 What is essential for determining sentence meaning？ 103

 6.3.2 Semantic roles 104

 6.3.3 Grammatical functions and semantic roles 106

 6.3.4 Semantic anomaly 107

Summary 108

Suggestions for study 109

Questions and exercises 110

 Mini-research project 114

 Part II Language Use

 Overview 115

Chapter Seven General Principles of Communication 117

 7.1 The Cooperative Principle 117

 7. t.1 The four maxims of the Cooperative Principle 118

 7.1.2 Violation of the maxims and conversational implicature 120

 7.2 The Politeness Principle 123

 7.3 The Principle of Relevance 125

 7.3.1 The basic principle 125

 7.3.2 Contextual effects and processing effort 126

 7.3.3 Optimal relevance 127

 Summary 128

 Suggestions for study 129

 Questions and exercises 130

 Mini-research project 131

Chapter Eight Intercultural Communication 132

 8.1 Important concepts 132

 8.1.1 What is culture？ 132

 8.1.2 What is communication？ 134

 8.1.3 What is intercultural communication？ 134

 8.2 Language and culture 135

 8.2.1 The impact of language on culture 136

 8.2.2 The impact of culture on language 137

 8.2.2.1 Impact at the lexicallevel 137

 8.2.2.2 Impact at the discourse level 137

 8.3 Diverse intercultural communication patterns 138

 8.3.1 Low-context and high-context communication 138

 8.3.2 Direct and indirect verbal communication 140

 8.3.3 Person-oriented and status-oriented verbal communication 141

 8.3.4 Self-enhancement and self-effacement communication 141

 8.4 Potential problems in intercultural communication 142

 8.4.1 Seeking similarities 142

 8.4.2 Stereotyping 143

 8.4.3 Prejudice 144

 8.4.4 Ethnocentrism 144

 8.4.5 Culture shock 145

 Summary 146

 Suggestions for study 147

 Questions and exercises 148

 Mini-research project 150

Chapter Nine Language Variety 151

 9.1 Language--dialect--regional dialect--social dialect 152

 9.1.1 Language and dialect 152

 9.1.2 Regional dialects 152

 9.1.3 Social dialects 153

 9.2 Lingua franca--pidgin--creole 154

 9.2.1 Lingua franca 154

 9.2.2 Pidgin 154

 9.2.3 Creole 155

 9.3 Style--genre--taboo--euphemism 155

 9.3.1 Style 155

 9.3.2 Genre 157

 9.3.3 Taboo 158

 9.3.4 Euphemism 159

 9.4 Gender and language use 160

 Summary 161

 Suggestions for study 162

 Questions and exercises 162

 Mini-research project 163

 Part III Language Learning

 Overview 165

Chapter Ten Major Issues in SLA 167

 10.1 Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis 167

 10.2 Error Analysis 168

 10.3 The Interlanguage Hypothesis 170

 10.4 The Monitor Model 171

 10.5 The Output Hypothesis 173

 10.6 The Open-Choice Principle and the Idiom Principle 174

 Summary 176

 Suggestions for study 177

 Questions and exercises 177

 Mini-research project 178

Chapter Eleven Factors Affecting Second Language Learning 179

 11.1 Factors not easily modified by learners 179

 11.1.1 Anxiety 179

 11.1.2 Inhibition and risk-taking 180

 11.1.3 Extroversion/Introversion 181

 11.2 Factors easily modified by learners 183

 11.2.1 Motivation and attitudes 183

 11.2.2 Self-esteem 184

 11.2.3 Learner strategies 185

 11.2.3.1 Language learning strategies 185

 11.2.3.2 Language use strategies 186

 11.2.3.3 Differences between effective and ineffective learners 188

 Summary 197

 Suggestions for study 198

 Questions and exercises 198

 Mini-research project 199

Chapter Twelve Developing an Intercultural Communicative Competence 200

 12.1 A brief review of current models of second language competence 200

 12.2 Why are current models inadequate？ 201

 12.3 A model of intercultural communicative competence 204

 12.4 Intercultural competence in communicative language use 205

 Summary 207

 Suggestions for study 208

 Questions and exercises 208

 Mini-research project 209

References 210