CHAPTER ONE Introduction
1 Importance of Intercultural Communication
1.1 The New Technology
1.2 The New Population
1.3 The New Economic Arena
2 Studying Intercultural Communication
3 Intercultural Communication
3.1 Host and Minority Cultures
3.2 Subcultures (Co-cultures)
3.3 Multiculturalism
3.4 Cross-cultural Communication
3.5 Principles of Intercultural Communication
3.6 Rationale
3.7 Approach
3.8 Philosophy
Exercises
Bibliography and Further Reading
CHAPTER TWO Language Use and Communication
1 Human Communication
1.1 Intentional and Unintentional Behavior
1.2 A Definition of Communication
1.3 The Components of Communication
2 Pragmatics: Language Use
2.1 The Problem
2.2 The Message Model of Linguistic Communication
2.3 Problems with the Message Model
2.4 An Inferential Approach to Communication
2.5 Inferential Theories versus the Message Model
3 The Characteristics of Communication
3.1 No Direct Mind-to-Mind Contact
3.2 We Can Only Infer
3.3 Communication Is Symbolic
3.4 Time-Binding Links Us Together
3.5 We Seek to Define the World
3.6 Communication Has a Consequence
3.7 Communication Is Dynamic
3.8 Communication Is Contextual
3.9 Communication Is Self-Reflective
4 The Brain Is an Open System
5 We Are AHke and We Are Different
Exercises
Bibliography and Further Reading
CHAPTER THREE Culture and Communication
1 Culture Is our Invisible Teacher
1.1 The Basic Functions of Culture
1.2 Some Definitions of Culture
1.3 The Characteristics of Culture
2 Language and Culture
3 Teaching Culture
4 Forms of Intercultural Communication
5 An Intercultural Communication Model
6 Elements of Intercultural Communication
6.1 Perception
6.2 Verbal Processes
6.3 Nonverbal Processes
Exercises
Bibliography and Further Reading
CHAPTER FOUR Cultural Diversity in Perception
1 Understanding Perception
1.1 Culture and Perception
1.2 Beliefs
1.3 Values
2 Dominant American Cultural Patterns
2.1 Individualism
2.2 Equality
2.3 Materialism
2.4 Science and Technology
2.5 Progress and Change
2.6 Activity and Work
3 Diverse Cultural Patterns
3.1 Hofstede's Value Dimensions
3.2 Kluekhohn and Strodtbeek's Value Orientations
3.3 Hall's High- and Low-Context Communication
3.4 Et Cetera
Exercises
Bibliography and Further Reading
CHAPTER FIVE The Deep Structure of Culture
1 World View
1.1 Religion
1.2 A Comparison of World Views
2 Family
2.1 Importance and Functions
2.2 Culture and Family
3 History
3.1 Americans
3.2 Jews
3.3 Russians
3.4 Chinese
3.5 Japanese
3.6 Arabs
Exercises
Bibliography and Further Reading
CHAPTER SIX Cross-cultural Pragmatics
1 Direct and Literal Communication
1.1 Direct Strategy
1.2 Literal Strategy
2 Nonliteral Communication
2.1 Strategies for Nonliteral Communication
2.2 Indirect Communication
2.3 Strategies for Indirect Communication
2.4 Proverbs
3 Discourse and Conversation
3.1 Language and Context
3.2 Openings
3.3 Turn Taking
3.4 Closings
3.5 Conclusion
4 Special Topics on Pragmatics
4.1 Performatives
4.2 Speech Acts
4.3 Meaning, Saying, and Implicating
4.4 Pragmatic Presupposition
4.5 Speaker Reference
4.6 Conclusion
Exercises
Bibliography and Further Reading
CHAPTER SEVEN Words and Meanings
1 The Importance of Language
2 The Nature of Language
3 Culture and Meaning
4 Language and Culture
4.1 Patterns of Thought
4.2 The Use of Language
5 Foreign Languages and Translation
5.1 Types of Equivalence
5.2 Problems of Translation
5.3 Working with a Translator
6 Female Language in Communication
7 Argot in English Language
7.1 What is Argot?
7.2 Functions of Argot
Exercises
Bibliography and Further Reading
CHAPTER EIGHT Nonverbal Communication
1 The Importance of Nonverbal Communication
2 Defining Nonverbal Communication
3 Functions of Nonverbal Communication
3.1 Repeating
3.2 Complementing
3.3 Substituting
3.4 Regulating
4 Verbal and Nonverbal Symbol Systems
4.1 Similarities
4.2 Differences
5 Nonverbal Communication and Culture
6 Body Behavior
6.1 General Appearance and Dress
6.2 Body Movements: Kinesics and Posture
6.3 Facial Expressions
6.4 Eye Contact and Gaze
6.5 Touch
6.6 Smell
6.7 Paralanguage
7 Space and Distance
7.1 Personal Space
7.2 Seating
7.3 Furniture Arrangement
8 Time
8.1 Informal Time
8.2 Past, Present, and Future
8.3 Monochronic(M-time) and Polychronic (P-time)
9 Silence
Exercises
Bibliography and Further Reading
