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书名 工程材料的结构与性能(第5版影印版国外大学优秀教材)/材料科学与工程系列
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作者 (美)亨克尔
出版社 清华大学出版社
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本书是为满足国内工科院校材料专业学生了解和掌握工程材料的结构与性能而引进出版的。

对于材料工程专业的学生,这本书的教程会较为详细地把重点放在金属材料的章节里;对于非材料专业的学生,整个课程可以广泛地介绍现代工业应用的一般材料。

本书体系简单,侧重晶体结构、机械性质、相图与制备、各类重要合金,以及非金属工程材料。它主要分四个部分:第一部分主要阐述晶体结构、点阵缺陷、化学键,以及机械与物理性能。第二部分主要讨论金属材料的强化理论与制备方法。第一、二部分是材料科学与工程中至关重要的核心和基本概念。第三部分是对各类金属工程材料的分类与介绍。第四部分囊括了工业应用中其他大部分非金属材料,不仅给出了这些重要材料的标定、规格和类型,而且阐述了它们的特性、应用范围和制备条件。

内容推荐

本书是为满足国内工科院校材料专业学生了解和掌握工程材料的结构与性能而引进出版的。

本书提供了最新的各种工程材料介绍,包括金属、合金、高分子材料、陶瓷以及复合材料。特别适合于把材料作为基础的介绍性课程学习的学生,或着眼于材料的结构与性能学习的学生使用。

本书体系简单,侧重晶体结构、机械性质、相图与制备、各类重要合金,以及非金属工程材料。它主要分四个部分:第一部分主要阐述晶体结构、点阵缺陷、化学键,以及机械与物理性能。第二部分主要讨论金属材料的强化理论与制备方法。比如固溶强化、加工硬化与热处理、多相强化、弥散析出强化,以及马氏体相变强化。第一、二部分是材料科学与工程中至关重要的核心和基本概念。第三部分是对各类金属工程材料的分类与介绍。详细讨论了各种钢材,例如低碳钢、中碳钢与高碳钢的特性、制备,以及应用。同时系统地介绍了各类合金钢,比如不锈钢、铝合金、铜合金、镁合金、钛合金,以及高温合金等。对于金属冶金专业的学生来说,这个部分是至关重要的。第四部分囊括了工业应用中其他大部分非金属材料,比如高分子材料、陶瓷材料,以及复合材料。这些章节不仅给出了这些重要材料的标定、规格和类型,而且阐述了它们的特性、应用范围和制备条件。因而,第四部分对于非材料专业的工科学生,在掌握工程材料的一般知识方面有着极为重要的意义。尤其对于那些需要在工程实践中广泛接触材料应用的专业,比如航空、机械、土木、环境和化工等专业。

本书条理有序,结构清晰,内容丰富,浅显易懂,十分适用于一般工学院的材料导论课程。同时,它也适用于材料专业的初级课程。尤其本书所出的作业题,内容十分广泛,而且重点突出,切题实用。

目录

Preface xiii

SECTION 1

Introductory Materials

Concepts 1

Chapter 1 Structure and Properties

1.1 Atomic Packing

  Atomic Size

1.2 Crystal Structure

  Lattice Parameters

  Crystal Planes and Axes

  Allotropic Forms

  Structure of Nonmetallic Solids

  Ionic Crystal Structures

  Covalent Crystal Structures

  Amorphous and Polymer

  Structures

1.3 Grain Structure

1.4 Mechanical Properties and Testing

  Theory of Mechanical

  Properties

1.5 Physical Properties

  Electrical and Magnefic

  Properties

1.6 Characteristics of Unalloyed Solids

  The IA or Alkali Metals

  The IB or Noble Metals

  The IlB Metals

  The Light Metals

  The Transition MetalS

  Metals of High Valence

  Semiconductors

  Problems

  References

Chapter 2 Deterioration of Material Properties

2.1 Fracture in a Ductile Material

2.2 Fracture in a Btittle Material

2.3 Suppression of Brittle Fracture

  Temperature

  Composition and Grain Size

  Environment

  Stress Distribution

2.4 Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics

2.5 Property Deterioration at High Temperature

2.6 Property Deterioration from Cyclic Loading

  Problems

  References

SECTION 2 Strengthening Mechanisms

Chapter 3 Solid-Solution Strengthening

3.1 Formation of Solid Solutions

3.2 Mechanism of Solidification

3.3 Solidifcation of Pure Metals

3.4 Solidification of Metal Alloys

3.5 Diflusion

  General Laws

  Laws of Diffusion

  Temperature Dependence of the Diffusion

  Coefficient

3.6 Segregation in Metal Alloys Zone Refining

3.7 Real Solid Solutions

3.8 General Properties of Solid Solutions

  Solute Strengthening

  Grain Strengthening

  Electrical Properties of SolidSolutions

  Problems

  References

Chapter 4 DeformatiOn Hardening and Annealing

4.1 Plasticity of Metals

 Plasticity of Single Crystals

 Dislocation Theory of Plastic Flow

 Twinning

 Deformation of Polycrystalline

 Materials

4.2 Property Changes in Deformation-Hardened Metals

 Strain Hardening

 VariablesAffecting StrainHardening

 Property Changes from Strain

 Hardening

4.3 Annealing

  Recovery

  Recrystallization

  Grain Growth

  Factors Influencing Annealing

4.4 Property Changes in Annealed Metals Hot Working

4.5 Preferred Orientation and Directional

 Properties

 Problems

 References

Chapter 5 Multiphase Strengthening

5.1 Binary Eutectics

5.2 Intermetallic Compounds

5.3 Multicomponent Eutectics

5.4 Microstructure of Multiphase Materials

 Cooling-Rate Variables

 Shape Variables of Eutectic

 Structures

 Eutectic Microstructures

5.5 Generalized Properties of Multiphase Materials

 Problems

 References

Chapter 6 Precipitation Hardening

6.1 General Mechanism of Precipitation Hardening

6.2 Precipitation from Solid Solution

6.3 Stages of Precipitation Hardening

6.4 Variables Affecting Precipitation Hardening

  Time and Temperature

  Concentration of Solute and Presence of Other Elements

6.5 Precipitation Hardening of Cu-Be

 Alloys

 Problems

 References

Chapter 7 Martensitic Transformation

7.1 The Fe-Fe3C Phase Diagram

7.2 Alloys of Iron and Carbon

 Terminology

 Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium

7.3 Microstructure of Nonhardened Steel

7.4 Heat Treatment of Eutectoid Steel

 Formation of Austenite

 Transformation of Austenite to Pearlite

 Formation of Bainite

7.5 The Martensite Transformation

7.6 Heat Treatment of Noneutectoid Steels

7.7 Physical Property Changes During Martensite Formation

7.8 Tempering of Martensite

7.9 Microstructure of Isothermally Transformed Steel

7.10 Generalized Properties of Heat-Treated Steels

 Normalized and Annealed Steels

 Problems

 References

SECTION 3 Metallic Materials Engineering

Chapter 8 Low-Carbon Steels

8.1 Terms Related to Steelmaking Processes

8.2 Grain Size of Steel

8.3 Nonhardenable Low-Carbon Steels

 Porcelain Enameled Ware

 Automobile-Body Stock

 Tin Plate

 Heavy Steel Plates for Ships and Tanks

 Steels for Low-Temperature Service

 Structural Shapes and Pipe

8.4 High-Strength.Low-Alloy(HSLA) Steels

8.5 Welding of Low-Carbon Steel

8.6 Surface Hardening of Low-Carbon Steel

 Problems

 References

Chapter 9 Medium-Carbon Steels

9.1 Classification of Medium-CarbOn Steels

9.2 Hardenable Carbon Steels

9.3 Hardenable Alloy Steels

9.4 Austempering and Marquenching

 Marquenching

9.5 Ultra-High-Strength Steels

9.6 Special Processing of Steel

 Problems

 References

Chapter 10 High-Carbon Steels

10.1 Classification of High-Carbon Steels

10.2 Heat Treatment of High.Carbon Steels

 Transformation Diagrams

 Tempering

 SurfaceEffects upon Hardening

 Dimensional Changes

10.3 Cemented Carbides

  Problems

  References

Chapter 11 Stainless Steels

11.1 Phase Diagrams of Stainless Steels

11.2 Stainless-Steel Alloy Designations

11.3 Heat Treatment of Stainless Steels

 Precipitation-Hardenable Stainless Steels

11.4 Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steels

11.5 Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels

  Problems

  References

Chapter 12 Cast Irons

12.1 Cast Iron(Fe-C-Si)Phase Diagram

12.2 Gray Cast Iron Solidification

12.3 Ductile Cast Iron Solidification

12.4 Concepts of Graphitization in Cast Iron

12.5 Properties of Cast Irons

 Problems

 References

Chapter 13 Aluminum Alloys

13.1 Work-Hardenable Wrought Aluminum Alloys

13.2 Heat-Treatable Aluminum Alloys

13.3 Cast Aluminum Alloys

13.4 Residual Stresses in Aluminum Alloys

13.5 Aluminum-Lithium Alloys

 Physical Metallurgy of Al-Li Alloys

 Problems

 References

Chapter 14 Copper and Copper Alloys

14.1 Copper Alloy Designations

14.2 Unalloyed Coppers

14.3 Brasses:CU-Zn Alloys

 The Cu-Zn Phase Diagram

 Microstructures of Two-Phase Brasses

 Theory of Two-Phase

 Microstructures

 Wrought Brasses

14.4 Tin Bronzes:Cu-Sn Alloys

14.5 Silicon and Aluminum Bronzes

14.6 Cast Copper-Base Alloys

  Problems

  References

Chapter 15 Magnesium Alloys

15.1 Magnesium Alloy Designations

  Pertinent Phase Diagrams

  Magnesium Alloy Identification

15.2 The Nature of Magnesium Alloying

15.3 Cast Magnesium Alloys

  Grain-Size Control of Cast Alloys

  Pressure Die-Cast Magnesium Alloys

15.4 Properties of Magnesium Alloys

  Problems

  References

Chapter 16 Titanium Alloys

16.1 Unalloyed Titanium

16.2 Phase Diagrams of Titanium Alloys

16.3 Heat Tlreatment of Titanium Alloys

16.4 Properties of Titanium Alloys

  Effect of a Morphology

16.5 Applications of Titanium Alloys

  Problems

  References

Chapter 17 Metals for High-Temperature Service

17.1 High-Temperature Performance of Refractory Metals

  Mechanical Properties

  Oxidation Behavior

17.2 Nickel-and Iron-Base Superalloys

17.3 Cobalt-Base Superalloys

17.4 Vanadium.Niobium.and Tantalum

  Vanadium

  Niobium(Columbium)

  Tantalum

17.5 Chromium,Molybdenum,and Tungsten

  Chromium

  Molybdenum

  Tungsten

17.6 Refractory Metal Coatings

  Problems

  References

SECTION 4 Nonmetallic Materials and Composites Engineering

Chapter 18 Engineering Polymers

18.1 Bonding and Structure in Polymers

18.2 Generalized Properties of Polymers

18.3 Olefin,Vinyl,and Related Polymers

18.4 Thermoplastic Polymers

18.5 Thermosetting Polymers

18.6 Elastomeric Polymers

  Problems

  References

Chapter 19  Ceramics and Glasses

19.1 A Ceramic Phase Diagram(A1203-Si02)

19.2 Traditional Ceramics:Clay,Refractories, and Abrasives

  Clay

  Refractories

  Abrasives

19.3 Structure and Properties of Engineering

  Ceramics

  Coatings

19.4 Characteristics of Glass

  Problems

  References

Chapter 20 Composite Materials 425

20.1 Forms and Properties of Composite Reinforcing Materials

  Glass Fibers

  Carbon Fibers

  Aramid Fibers

  Metal and Ceramic Fibers

20.2 Forms and Properties of Composite Matrix Materials

  Polymer Matrix Resins

  Prepregs

20.3 Metal Matrix Composites

  Continuous Fiber-Reinforced

  MMCs

  Discontinuous Fiber-Reinforced

  MMCS

20.4 Polymer Matrix Composites

20.5 Ceramic Matrix Composites

20.6 Carbon and Graphite Composites

  Problems

  References

Index

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