翻阅西藏建筑史,自公元7世纪吐蕃王松赞干布修建第一批寺庙建筑开始,西藏便拉开了富于地方特色的建筑序幕。西藏建筑在最初便与佛教结下不解之缘,其发展与藏传佛教的发展相辅相成,互相影响。
西藏建筑独具特色的建筑风格,不仅引来了无数建筑、佛教研究者的关注,也引来了无数的游客。在西藏,无论是布达拉宫、大昭寺、小昭寺,还是桑耶寺、萨迦寺、甘丹寺等,不仅具有独特的建筑风格.蕴含浓郁的宗教氛围和神秘色彩,而且还藏有无数珍贵的文物和艺术品,这些无不吸引着国内外游客的眼球。可以说,西藏的建筑及其所拥有的艺术品,包容着西藏独具特色的政治体制、宗教文化及风土人情,因此,我们要了解西藏文化,最好的途径就是去了解西藏的宫殿寺庙建筑。
本书为“中华文明史话”之一,采用中英文对照的形式介绍了西藏的宫殿寺庙。
序
引言
一、西藏宫殿寺庙建筑的三个发展期
1.单一化的“拉康建筑期”
2.风格多样的“建筑的复兴和繁盛期”
3.富丽堂皇的“宫殿寺庙建筑完备期”
二、西藏宫殿寺庙建筑的基本类型
1.城堡宫殿式建筑
2.平川式建筑
3.依山式建筑
4.园林式建筑
5.帐篷式建筑
6.寺塔合一式建筑
三、西藏宫殿寺庙的杰出代表
1.城堡宫殿之经典:布达拉宫
2.西藏第一座王宫:雍布拉康
3.西藏第一座正规的寺院:桑耶寺
4.中国的“第二敦煌”:萨迦寺
5.藏民族最神圣的朝拜地:大昭寺
6.汉藏联姻示好的见证:小昭寺
7.格鲁派祖寺:甘丹寺
8.历代班禅大师的驻锡地:扎什伦布寺
9.转型为综合性祖寺之一的古宁玛派寺庙:昌珠寺
10.琼结县宁玛派主寺:白日寺
11.噶玛噶举派著名祖寺:楚布寺
12.止贡噶举派祖寺:止贡梯寺
13.萨迦派鄂尔支系祖寺:鄂尔寺
14.富有神话色彩的萨迦寺院:科迦寺
15.改宗格鲁派的噶当派祖寺:热振寺
16.藏传佛教扎巴派祖寺:扎塘寺
结束语
Introduction
Ⅰ. Three Stages of Development of Tibetan Palaces and Temples
1. The Stage When the Single Architecture of Lhakang Prevailed
2. The Stage When Multiple Architectural Styles Rose and Throve
3. The Stage When Magnificent Palaces and Temples Reached Maturity
Ⅱ. Basic Styles of Tibetan Palaces and Temples
1. Architecture of Castle-Palaces Style
2. Architecture Constructed on the Plains
3. Architecture Constructed against the Mountains
4. Architecute of Garden Style
5. Architecture of Tent Style
6. Architecture of Pagoda-Temple Style
Ⅲ. Outstanding Representatives of Tibaten Palaces and Temples
1. Paragon of Tibetan Castle Palaces: Potala Palace
2. First Royal Palace in Tibet: Yumbulagang
3. First Tibetan Temple in the True Sense: Samye Monastery
4. Second Dunhuang in China: SakyaMonastery
5. Most Sacred Worship Center in Tibet: Jokhang Temple
6. Witness of the Marital Bond between the Han and Tibetan People: Ramoche Temple
7. Patriarchal Monastery of Gelug Sect: Ganden Monastery
8. Residence of Panchens: Tashilhunpo Monastery
9. Comprehensive Monastery Converted from the Ancient Nyingma Sect Monastery: Trandruk Monastery
10. Patriarchal Monastery of Nyingma Sect at Qiongjie County: Ralri Monastery
11. Renowned Patriarchal Monastery of Karma Kagyu Sect: Trophu Monastery
12. Patriarchal Monastery of Drigung Kagyu Sect: Drigung Til Monastery
13. Patriarchal Monastery of Ngor Sub-order of Sakya Sect: Ngor Monastery
14. Sakya Sect Monastery with a Mystic Veil: Kokya Monastery
15. Monastery Converted into Gelug Sect from Kadam Sect: Reting Monastery
16. Patriarchal Monastery of Drakpa Sect: Drathang Monastery
Closing
附录 Appendix