《科研方法与规范》分为上下两册：本书是下册，以中文形式编译而成，为入门的研究者提供快速学习通道，也起参考索引的作用。需要在此说明的是，为照顾中国研究者的阅读习惯，中文部分进行了部分省略和调整。读者既可从头到尾浏览，获取关于科学研究方法的整体印象，亦可根据个人需要跳至其中某一部分详读。藉由此书，读者可以系统掌握“定性研究”、“定量研究”、“案例研究”等国际通行研究方法的基本范式。本书由向明友、伍巧芳主编。

《科研方法与规范(上)》综合国际上权威出版社出版的科研写作规范与方法类著作，采用中英文对照的内容编写模式，兼顾学术研究能力和外语水平不同层次读者的需求，伞面系统介绍了科研写作的研究方法、研究计划的撰写、正文的写作以及参考文献的引证方法和规范。

《科研方法与规范(上)》由向明友、伍巧芳主编。

Part Ⅰ Research Methods

 1. Qualitative Methods

 1.1 Introduction to Qualitative Research

 1.1.1 What Is Qualitative Research

 1.1.2 What Can We Learn from Qualitative Research

 1.1.3 Some Qualitative Research Methods and Data Forms

 1.1.4 The Advantages of Qualitative Methods for Exploratory Research

 1.2 Participant Observation

 1.2.1 Overview of Participant Observation

 1.2.2 How to Be an Effective Participant Observer

 1.3 In-Depth Interviews

 1.3.1 Overview of In-Depth Interviewing

 1.3.2 How to Be an Effective Interviewer

 1.3.3 Managing the Interview

 1.3.4 Some Techniques for Effective Questioning

 1.3.5 How to Use Probes

 1.3.6 How to Use Indirect Probes

 1.3.7 Taking Field Notes

 1.3.8 Expanding Notes

 1.4 Focus Groups

 1.4.1 Overview of Focus Groups

 1.4.2 How to Be an Effective Moderator

 1.4.3 How to Be an Effective Note-Taker

 2. Quantitative Methods

 2.1 Introduction to Quantitative Research Method

 2.1.1 What Is Quantitative Research

 2.1.2 Features Associated with the Quantitative Approach

 2.1.3 Data Collection Methods

 2.2 Sampling

 2.2.1 Random Selection

 2.2.2 Systematic Sampling

 2.3 Survey

 2.3.1 Questionnaire

 2.3.2 Interview Survey

 2.3.3 Secondary Analysis

 2A Experiment

 2.4.1 Topics Appropriate to Experiments

 2.4.2 The Classical Experiment

 2.4.3 Selecting Subjects

 2.4.4 Strengths and Weaknesses of the Experimental Method

 2.4.5 Quantification of Data

 3. Mixed Method Studies

 3.1 Mixed Methods and Mixed Model Studies

 3.1.1 Equal Status Mixed Method Designs

 3.1.2 Dominant-Less Dominant Mixed Method Designs

 3.1.3 Sequential Mixed Method Designs

 3.1.4 Parallel/Simultaneous Mixed Method Designs

 3.1.5 Studies with Multilevel Use of Approaches

 3.2 Data Collection Strategies and Research Procedures

 3.2.1 Traditional and Alternative Approaches to Data Collection

 3.2.2 Data Collection as a Planned Strategy

 3.2.3 Effects of Data Collection on the Behavior or Responses of the Participants

 3.2.4 Data Collection Strategies

 4. Case Studies

 4.1 Introduction to Case Study

 4.1.1 The Case Study as a Research Strategy

 4.1.2 Comparing Case Studies to Other Research Strategies

 4.1.3 When to Use Each Strategy

 4.2 Conducting Case Studies: Preparing for Data Collection

 4.2.1 The Case Study Investigator: Desired Skills

 4.2.2 Training and Preparation for a Specific Case Study

 4.2.3 The Case Study Protocol

 4.2.4 The Pilot Case Study

 4.3 Conducting Case Studies: Collecting the Evidence

 4.3.1 Six Sources of Evidence

 4.3.2 Three Principles of Data Collection

Part Ⅱ Writtng a Research Proposal

 1. General Overview

 1.1 What Is Research

 1.2 Types of Research

 1.2.1 Primary Research

 1.2.2 Applied Research

 1.2.3 Market Research

 1.2.4 Feasibility Research

 1.2.5 Scholarly Research

 1.3 What Is a Research Proposal (RP)

 1.4 Proposal Components--Some Hints

 1.4.1 Title

 1.4.2 Abstract

 1.4.3 Introduction

 1.4.4 Literature Review

 1.4.5 Methodology and Methods

 1.4.6 Results

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