"A beautifully written account of a fascinating project Social history and the individual creative imagination are joined in a book full of surprising insight."

--J. Stephen Lansing, Professor of Anthropology, University of Southern California

Between 1936 and 1938 Gregory Bateson and Margaret Mead collected more than 1,200 paintings and sketches made by Balinese peasants. The products of a new genre of painting introduced and encouraged by two European artists in 1931, the paintings draw their major themes from Balinese culture but use Western materials and forms. Strikingly different from both traditional Balinese art forms and paintings made in Bali today, these unusual pen-and-ink pictures reveal much about Bali that has been unknown to Westerners.

The Europeans who initiated the new art urged the Balinese artists to paint scenes from their everyday life. But to the Balinese, the visible world is only a minor aspect of reality, and many of the painters, especially those in the village of Batuan, went on to depict imaginative scenes of their unseen world through folktales, myths, and images drawn from Bali’s vivid ritual drama. One artist, at Bateson’s request, even illustrated his dreams. The naturalism of the Western-introduced style allowed the Balinese to tell their stories as if they were events in ordinary people’s lives, strengthening their conviction that "magical" events can happen at any time, to anyone.

In her analysis of their b,icultural paintings, Hildred Geertz probes the Balinese notion of"mystical power"and shows how it is associated With illness, agricultural disaster, and personal upheaval as well as kingly authority. She proposes that issues of sorcery are not peripheral to Balinese religious ritual but central to them; that Balinese temple rituals are not about restoring an endangered cosmic order and harmony, the usual interpretation, but rather aim to placate potentially malevolent gods and demons within a cosmos of eternal warfare. Geertz also examines the relationship between the paintings collected in the village of Batuan and the developing tourist art in less remote villages, and considers the effects that the presence and interests of Bateson and Mead had on the making of the pictures. She concludes that the painters clearly transcended such external influences to explore their inner world and the roots of their own culture.

Images of Power is a book that will appeal to anyone interested in the arts of Bali and Southeast Asia, Balinese religion and kingship, and issues of meaning in bicultural situations.

Acknowledgments

Balinese Names and Terms

Map of Bali

Introduction

Chapter 1

Inventing an Art--Both Balinese and Western

Chapter 2

The Everyday World of (Mere) Appearances

Chapter 3

The Magical Story World: A Portfolio of Storytelling Pictures

Chapter 4

The Real World of Dangerous Powers

Chapter 5

Masters of Sakti Powers

Chapter 6

Crossing Cultures

Appendix: Painters’ Profiles and Selected Works

Notes

Glossary

Bibliography

Index