本书是国外电子信息精品著作。针对近年来IT行业对嵌入式系统的需求，从总体上的介绍了嵌人式系统的设计，阐明了嵌入式系统设计中的一些主要方面之间的关系。另外，从作者的网站还可以下载相关的幻灯片、练习题和其他资料，从而使读者能够充分利用本书的资源。

本书针对近年来IT行业对嵌入式系统的需求，从总体上的介绍了嵌人式系统的设计，阐明了嵌入式系统设计中的一些主要方面之间的关系。另外，从作者的网站还可以下载相关的幻灯片、练习题和其他资料，从而使读者能够充分利用本书的资源。因此，本书既可作为相关领域专家的重要参考资料，又可作为当前嵌入式系统教学中所需的一本实用的教材；既可以作为嵌入式系统的入门参考，也可以作为研究人员的参考书，对当前的课程教学能起到很好的补充作用。

Preface

Acknowledgments

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Terms and scope

1.2 Application areas

1.3 Growing importance of embedded systems

1.4 Structure of this book

2. SPECIFICATIONS

2.1 Requirements

2.2 Models of computation

2.3 StateCharts

2.3.1 Modeling of hierarchy

2.3.2 Timers

2.3.3 Edge labels and StateCharts semantics

2.3.4 Evaluation and extensions

2.4 General language characteristics

2.4.1 Synchronous and asynchronous languages

2.4.2 Process concepts

2.4.3 Synchronization and communication

2.4.4 Specifying timing

2.4.5 Using non-standard I/O devices

2.5 SDL

2.6 Petri nets

2.6.1 Introduction

2.6.2 Condition/event nets

2.6.3 Place/transition nets

2.6.4 Predicate/transition nets

2.6.5 Evaluation

2.7 Message Sequence Charts

2.8 UML

2.9 Process networks

2.9.1 Task graphs

2.9.2 Asynchronous message passing

2.9.3 Synchronous message passing

2.10 Java

2.11 VHDL

2.11.1 Introduction

2.11.2 Entities and architectures

2.11.3 Multi-valued logic and IEEE 1164

2.11.4 VHDL processes and simulation semantics

2.12 SystemC

2.13 Verilog and SystemVerilog

2.14 SpecC

2.15 Additional languages

2.16 Levels of hardware modeling

2.17 Language comparison

2.18 Dependability requirements

3. EMBEDDED SYSTEM HARDWARE

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Input

3.2.1 Sensors

3.2.2 Sample-and-hold circuits

3.2.3 A/D-converters

3.3 Communication

3.3.1 Requirements

3.3.2 Electrical robustness

3.3.3 Guaranteeing real-time behavior

3.3.4 Examples

3.4 Processing Units

3.4.1 Overview

3.4.2 Application-Specific Circuits (ASICs)

3.4.3 Processors

3.4.4 Reconfigurable Logic

3.5 Memories

3.6 Output

3.6.1 D/A-converters

3.6.2 Actuators

4. EMBEDDED OPERATING SYSTEMS

MIDDLEWARE, AND SCHEDULING

4.1 Prediction of execution times

4.2 Scheduling in real-time systems

4.2.1 Classification of scheduling algorithms

4.2.2 Aperiodic scheduling

4.2.3 Periodic scheduling

4.2.4 Resource access protocols

4.3  Embedded onerating systems

4.3.1 General requirements

4.3.2 Real-time operating systems

4.4 Middleware

4.4.1 Real-time data bases

4.4.2 Access to remote objects

5. IMPLEMENTING EMBEDDED SYSTEMS:

HARDWARE/SOFTWARE CODESIGN

5.1 Task level concurrency management

5.2 High-level optimizations

5.2.1 Floating-point to fixed-point conversion

5.2.2 Simple loop transformations

5.2.3 Loop tiling/blocking

5.2.4 Loop splitting

5.2.5 Array folding

5.3 Hardware/software partitioning

5.3.1 Introduction

5.3.2 COOL

5.4 Compilers for embedded systems

5.4.1 Introduction

5.4.2 Energy-aware compilation

5.4.3 Compilation for digital signal processors

5.4.4 Compilation for multimedia processors

5.4.5 Compilation for VLIW processors

5.4.6 Compilation for network processors

5.4.7 Compiler generation, retargetable compilers

and design space exploration

5.5 Voltage Scaling and Power Management

5.5.1 Dynamic Voltage Scaling

5.5.2 Dynamic power management (DPM)

5.6 Actual design flows and tools

5.6.1 SpecC methodology

5.6.2 IMEC tool flow

5.6.3 The COSYMA design flow

5.6.4 Ptolemy II

5.6.5 The OCTOPUS design flow

6. VALIDATION

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Simulation

6.3 Rapid Prototyping and Emulation

6.4 Test

6.4.1 Scope

6.4.2 Design for testability

6.4.3 Self-test programs

6.5 Fault simulation

6.6 Fault injection

6.7 Risk- and dependability analysis

6.8 Formal Verification

References

About the author

List of Figures

Index