写作难，写作难，一看写作人就烦，尤其还是英文写作……别急，看看本书为你量身定做的选词、造句、段落的写作以及各类体裁文章的写作，定能解决你的后顾之忧，让你轻松学习，愉快写作！

《新编商务英语写作(1—2)》为“新编商务英语系列丛书”之一。第1册为“基础英语写作”，该册内容涵盖选词、造句、段落的写作以及各类体裁文章的写作。第2册为“商务英语写作”，内容分为商务文件的写作和公司内部的报告和合同写作等。本教材适用于商务英语专业的学生。

Unit 1  Use of Words  1

1 Types of Words  3

2 Use of Proper Words in    Proper Places  7

3 Further-13ps for the    Selection of Words  9

4 Formation of English    Words  1 6

Exercises  1 8

Unit 2 The Making of     Sentences    23

1 Basic Elements 0f a    Sentence  25

2 Types of Sentences 25

3 Effective Sentences 31

Exercises 40

Unit 3 Writing Effective     Sentences    45

1 Coordination 47

2 Subordination 52

3 Variety 0f Sentence    Patterns  57

Exercises  60

Unit 4 The Paragraph(1)：The    Major Elements of a    Good Paragraph  65

1 Unity  67

2 Coherence  70

3 Focus  78

4 Completeness 81

5 Brevity 84

Exercises 86

Unit 5 The Paragraph(2)：The    Paragraph Structure    and Types     91

1 Three Parts of the      Paragraph  93

2 Types of Pragraphs105

Exercises  113

Unit 6 The Paragraph(3):The    Development of the    Paragraph    119

 1 Planning a Paragraph             121

2 Developing a Paragraph    by-Iqme  123

3 Developing a Paragraph    by Space  125

4 Developing a Paragraph    by Process  128

5 Developing a Paragraph    by Citing Statistics            131

6 Developing a Paragraph    by Comparison and    Contrast  133

7 Developing a Paragraph    by Exemplification     135

8 Developing a Paragraph    by Cause and Effect     137

9 Development by    Definition  139

10 Development by    Classification  141

Exercises  143

Unit 7 The Basic Steps of    Writing an Essay 149

1 Getting Started and    Selecting a Topic 151

2 Narrowing Down the    Topic and Writing a    Thesis Statement 152

3 Outlining  154

4 Writing the First    Draft  157

5 Revising and Editing     162

Exercises  1 64

Unit 8  Narration  167

1 Definition  1 69

2 Basic Elements of    Narration  1 70

3 Types of Narration 170

4 Tips for Narrative    Writing  175

Exercises  182

Unit 9 Description    185

1 Definition  187

2 Basic Elements of     Description  187

3 Basic Types of    Description  188

4 Tips for Writing       Descriptions  194

Exercises  195

Unit 10 Exposition     (1):Definition  201

1 Definition of    Exposition  203

2 Basic Elements of    Exposition  203

3 Types of Techniques    Used in Expository    Writing  204

4 Types of Definition204

Exercises  210

Unit 1 1 Exposition(2)：

   Classification and      Division 217

1 Definitions of    Classification and     Division  21 9

2 Basic Elements of    Classification and    Division  222

3 Principles of    Classification and    Division  223

Exercises  228

Unit 12 Exposition     (3):Illustration 231

1 Definition  233

2 Types of I llustration    233

3 Basic Elements of    Illustration  238

4 Tips for Using       Illustration 238

Exercises  239

Unit 13   Ixposition(4)：Comparison    and Contrast 245

1 Definition  247

2 Purpose of Writing    Comparison and    Contrast  247

3 Pattem of Comparison    and Contrast  248

4 Tips of Writing    Comparison and    Contrast  252

Exercises  256

Unit 14 Exposition(5):Cause    and Effect  259

1 Definition  261

2 Basic Types of   Cause-and-effect   Pattern  262

3 Tips of Writing    Cause-and-effect Essay    264

Exercises  267

一Unit 15 Argumentation 271

1 Definition  273

2 Basic Elements of    Argumentation  273

3 Principles of  

  Argumentative Writing 274

4 How to Organise an    Argument  274

Exercises  279

Unit16 Practical Writing(1):

  Greetings,Formal    Invitations and    Personal Letters 289

1 Greetings and FOrmaI    Invitations  291

2 Personal Letters 295

 Exercises  310

Unit17 Practical Writing(2):

  Notes and Letters of    Application and    Resume   313

1 Notes  315

2 Letters of Application            322

3 RSsum5 327

Exercises  331

Unit 18 Summary Writing 333

1 Definition  335

2 The Purpose of a    Summary  335

3 Elements of a Good    Summary  336

4 The Basic Steps of   Writing a Summary  338

Exercises 346

Unit19 Figures of Speech 351

1 Simile  353

2 Metaphor  354

3 PersOn…cation  354

4 Metonymy  355

5 Hyperbole  356

6 Understatement  356

7 Euphemism  357

8 Irony  358

9 AIliteration  358

1 0 Synecdoche  359

1 1 Onomatopoeia  359

1 2 Antithesis  360

1 3 Parallelism  361

14 Oxymoron  361

15 Pun  362

Exercises  363

Unit 20 Punctuation  365

1 The Comma  367

2 The Period  369

3 The Semicolon  369

4 111e Colon  371

5 Quotation Marks  371

6 The Question Mark 373

7 111e Exclamation Mark             373

8 Parentheses and    Brackets  373

9 The Dash  374

10 Italics and    Underlining  375

Exercises  375

Keys       377

  1 Types of Words(词的种类)  In the English language，there are over half a million words．No one can possibly use SO many words．In reality，only a small part of common words are used in most cases，which is what we should learn first．1.1 Formal and Informal Words(正

式与非正式词)

Words can be formal or informal in style．Words of different styles serve different purposes on different occasions．

Formal words are those that are used on formaI occasions．For example：

(1a)Would you please inform me of the possibility that the terms we mentioned will enable you to expedite the shipment two weeks ahead of schedule?

(贵方能否告知是否可能按照我方的条款要求提前两周发货?)

This is a typical，formal business English sentence，and the words jnform，terms，and expedite are formaI．words．

Informal words are those that are used in info，7na，situations，such as in conversations between close friends or family members．In such cases，Example(1a)can be expressed like this：

(1b)Could you tell me if you can send the goods two weeks ahead of time according to our terms? In Example(1b)，words like tell，if，send and goods sound informal．Informal words are often colloquial words．

It is important to note that some words are neutral because they are neither very formal nor very informal．As a matter of fact，there are different degrees of formality．Certain words can be used in both formal and informal situations．Words like know，whether，able，and ship，for example，are neutral．Therefore Example(1b)can be expressed as：

  《商务英语写作(1)、(2)》自2000年8月初版以来，在不少学校使用了多轮，广大专家读者对本书提出了不少宝贵的批评和建议。这些批评和建议，集中到一点，就是本书的语言有些偏难，学生不易理解。据此，我们对本书进行了修订。

《新编商务英语写作(1)》的体例基本上没有什么变化。所作的改变可用“一减一增，，来概括。“一减’，是减掉了原来较为晦涩难懂的说明和例句，而增加的则是少量中文译文和说明以及一些与商务有关的内容。但是，限于初版的框架，没有对本书做伤筋动骨的‘‘改造”。所以，本书远没有改到“面目全非”的地步。

本教材的教学目标也没有改变，所以，教师可以按既定的教学计划实施教学。相信本新编版能更加切近高等职业学校、高等专科学校和成人高等学校英语专业的实际，更加方便广大师生的教学。当然，由于种种限制，本书远远没有达到理想的程度。事实上，任何修订都可能g1起新的问题。因此，我们热切地希望广大专家和读者能对本书提出新的批评和建议，以便我们进一步改进。

编 者

于华东师范大学