六十年代末七十年代初在美国兴起的女权运动对之后三十年内的学术与文艺发展都产生了深远的影响。女权主义思想在社会中的普及和蔓延,促进了语言的发展。两者的进步相互交织,相互推动。也是在同一时期,翻译研究逐渐被接纳为文化研究的重要部分。由此,文化间性别角色的差异,这些差异在语言中的体现和表达,以及通过翻译将这些表达植入不同的文化背景等种种错综复杂的问题与随之产生的评论就构成了费拉德著的《翻译与性别:女性主义时代的翻译》的主要内容。
20世纪最后的30年中,性别研究渗透到了学术研究与文艺创作的各个方面。人们对于性别的关注深刻影响了翻译实践、翻译理论与翻译批评的发展。从女权主义角度出发的翻译实践与翻译批评,以及对文化的强调已使翻译成为探索性别与文化之间相互作用与相互影响的重要领域。
费拉德著的《翻译与性别:女性主义时代的翻译》将翻译置于女权运动以及这场运动对“父权”语言的批判的背景中,阐述了女性实验性作品的翻译实践、译者的大胆介入、一些重要文本如《圣经》的翻译、翻译对父权社会中“消失”作品的重现及以女性译者为焦点的翻译历史研究等一系列问题。
Preface
1.Historical Background
The Women s Movement and the Idea of Gender
Women and Language
Gender and Translation
2.Gender and the Practice of Translation
Experimental Feminist Writing and its Translation
Translating the Body
Translating Puns on Cultrual References
Translating Experiments with Language
Interventionist Feminist Translation
Translating Machismo
Assertive Feminist Translation
Recovering Women s Works Lost in Patricarchy
Further Corrective Measures
3.Revising Theories and Myths
Proliferating Prefaces:The Translator s Sense of Self
Asserting the Translator s Identity
Claiming ZResponsibility for Meaning
Revising the Rhetoric of Translation
Tropes
Achieving Political Visibility
Revising a Fundamental Myth
Pandora s Cornucopia
4.Rereading and Rewriting Translations
Reading Existing Translaations
Simone de Beauvoir
Rewriting Exsting Translations
The Bible
Comparing Pre-feminist and Post-feminist Translations
Sappho and Louise Labe
Recovering Lost Women Translators
Subversive Activity in the English Renaissance
Nineteenth-Century Women Translators
La Malinche
5.Criticisms
Criticism from Outside Feminisms
Criticism from Within Feminisms
Elitist Experimentation
Opportunist Feminist Bandwagon
Being Democratic with Minorities
Revealing Women s Cultural and Political Diversity
6.Future Perspectives
Broad Historical Perspectives
Contemporary Perspectives
Public Language Policies
Interpreting
7.Concluding Remarks
Glossary
Bibliographical References