本书以作者主持的国家自然科学基金以及中央基本业务费等课题的研究成果为基础，讲述了微流控技术在环境细菌抗生素耐药性及抗生素耐性基因转移研究中的应用，可为环境微生物耐药性研究提供新的方法与思路。

Chapter 1 Microfluidics for rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing
1.1 Microfluidic platform design
1.1.1 System design of microfluidic platform
1.1.2 Construction of microfluidic platform
1.1.3 Preparation of microfluidic agarose chip
1.1.4 Characterization of concentration gradient on the chip
1.2 Observation and data processing
1.2.1 Image processing and characterization for bacterial quantification
1.2.2 Microbial counting and growth model
1.2.3 Calculation of bacterial growth rate
1.2.4 Microbe inhibition dynamic model
1.3 Comparison of bacterial culture by chips and traditional methods
1.3.1 Growth of Escherichia coli in the chip and well plate
1.3.2 Growth of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the chips and shaking flasks
1.4 Amoxicillin susceptibility testing of different bacterial strains
1.4.1 Escherichia coli
1.4.2 Nitrosomonas europaea
1.4.3 Comamonas denitrifican
References
Chapter 2 Bacterial persistence to antibiotics revealed by single cell tracking
2.1 Discovery of opportunistic antibiotic resistance bacteria
2.1.1 Bacterial growth process based on single-cell tracking
2.1.2 Opportunistic antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli
2.1.3 Opportunistic antibiotic resistance in Comamonas denitrifican
2.2 Development of bacterial resistance under long-term antibiotic pressure
2.2.1 In situ recovery growth of Nitrosomonas curopaea after inhibition
2.2.2 Metabolites during in situ recovery of Nitrosomonas europaeа
2.3 Effect of lag phase on bacterial resistance to antibiotics
2.3.1 Pure strains
2.3.2 Activated sludge bacterial community
2.3.3 Predicting bacterial antibiotic resistance based on ICso and lag time
2.3.4 Extended lag time promotes bacteria regrowth after removal of antibiotics
References
Chapter 3 Transfer characteristics of antibiotic resistance genes in biofilms based on microfluidics
3.1 Mating assays based on microfluidics method
3.1.1 Bacterial strains and amplification
3.1.2 Single-channel microfluidic experiments
3.1.3 Plasmid transfer frequency anaysis by cell sorting
3.1.4 Cell sequencing and conjugative potential analysis
3.1.5 Advantages of microfluidics over filter mating
3.2 Transfer characteristics of ARGs in pure strains
3.2.1 Cascading plasmid transfer in Escherichia coli biofilm
3.2.2 The impact of recipient bacterial species on the gene transfer
3.3 Transfer characteristics of ARGs in bacterial community
3.3.1 Gene transfer in environmental community biofilms
3.3.2 The effect of donor bacterial species on ARG transfer in bacterial community
3.3.3 Transfer frequency in recipients from different activated sludge communities
3.3.4 Community structure analysis of recipients and transconjugants
3.3.5 Plasmid-host susceptible genera in recipients
3.3.6 Conjugative potential of plasmid-host susceptible genera
References
Chapter 4 Direct observation and dissection of horizontal and vertical gene transfer in bacterial community
4.1 Single-cell tracking microfluidic chip
4.2 Dissecting of horizontal and vertical transfer of ARGs in the bacterial community
4.2.1 Methods for tracking HGT and VCT
4.2.2 Characteristics of HGT and VGT
4.3 The effect of antibiotics on HGT and VGT in bacterial community
4.3.1 The effect of antibiotics on ARG transmission processes
4.3.2 The dynamics of ARG spread under different antibiotics
References
Chapter 5 The influence of typical environmental factors on antibiotic resistance gene transfer
5.1 Porous PDMS-agarose chip
5.2 The influence of heavy metals on the transfer process of ARGs in bacterial community
5.2.1 Effects of six heavy metals on the growth of donor and recipient bacteria
5.2.2 Screening of heavy metals promoting ARG transfer bacteri