中国产生了共产党，这是开天辟地的大事变，深刻改变了近代以后中华民族发展的方向和进程，深刻改变了中国人民和中华民族的前途和命运，深刻改变了世界发展的趋势和格局。以史为鉴，可以知兴替。本书通过回顾中国共产党百年奋斗的光辉历程，讲述中国共产党团结带领中国人民在新民主主义革命时期、社会主义革命和建设时期、改革开放和社会主义现代化建设时期以及中国特色社会主义新时代取得的伟大成就和积累的宝贵经验，彰显中国特色社会主义的强大生机活力。

CONTENTS
Introduction ....................................................................................................... 004
Chapter I Realizing National Independence and People’s Liberation
The National Crisis in Modern China and the Rise of Revolutionary Movements...... 014
The Spread of Marxism and Leninism and the Founding of the Communist
Party of China..................................................................................................... 018
National Revolution against the Western Powers and Chinese Warlords........... 022
Opening a Revolutionary Road: Armed Struggles and Enclosing Cities
with Rural Areas................................................................................................. 026
Organizing the Broad Masses to Fight the Japanese Invaders............................ 029
Founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC)........................................... 035
Chapter II Establishing the Socialist System, Beginning Large-scale
Construction
Consolidating the New Government and Restoring the National Economy...... 042
Carrying out Land Reform and Social Reform................................................... 045
Beginning to Turn a Backward Agricultural Country into a Fairly
Advanced Industrial One.................................................................................... 048
Establishing the Socialist Political System......................................................... 052
Persuing Independent, Self-determined Foreign Policies of Peace.................... 058
Seeking a Road of Chinese Socialist Construction and Initial Success of
Economic Work................................................................................................... 063
Chapter III Onto the Road of the Construction of Socialism with Chinese
Characteristics
Turning Point in the History of the Party and the PRC...................................... 070
Reform and Opening-up, and the Establishment of Socialist Market Economy.......074
Political Structure Reform and Establishment of Democracy and Rule of Law.......089
Beginning of a New Diplomatic Situation.......................................................... 103
Building Modernized National Defense............................................................. 108
Promoting the State Reunification Process......................................................... 113
Building an All-round Well-off and Harmonious Socialist Society.................... 120
Chapter IV Socialism with Chinese Characteristics Has Crossed the
Threshold into the New Era
Putting Forward Goals and Making Strategic Deployments for the New Era.... 138
Promoting Quality Economic Development and Comprehensively
Deepening Reform and Opening-up................................................................... 143
Adhering to the Path of Political Progress with Chinese Characteristics........... 153
Promoting the Prosperity of Socialist Culture.................................................... 158
Adhering to the People’s Supremacy, Ensuring and Improving Living
Standards through Development......................................................................... 162
Implementing the Most Stringent System of Protecting the Ecological
Environment and Building a Beautiful China..................................................... 173
Comprehensively Building World-class Forces and Safeguarding
China’s Sovereignty, Security, and Development Interests................................ 178
New Progress in the Work Related to Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan............ 185
Building a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind and Promoting
Cooperation under the BRI................................................................................. 193
Strengthening the CPC’s Overall Leadership and Self-governance................... 206
Concluding Remarks .............................................................................

Introduction
As one of the world’s oldest birthplaces
of human civilizations, China experienced a
long history of development. The diligent and
intelligent Chinese people worked hard and
lived heartedly, creating the brilliant
Chinese civilization and making indelible
contributions to the advancement of humanity.
Unfortunately, after the First Opium War
(1840-1842), the foreign invasion plunged
China into darkness: the country became
semicolonial and semi-feudal, and was faced
with endless domestic and foreign threats that
ripped the country apart, and the Chinese
people who suffered from frequent wars lived
in dire poverty. Since then, realizing the
great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has
become the greatest dream of the Chinese
people and the Chinese nation. To make this
dream come true, the Chinese people waged a
long struggle to resist the foreign powers’
oppression and the feudal autocratic
government’s decadent rule. During the early
years of the struggle, progressive Chinese
people exerted unremitting efforts to awaken
the masses, and lots of Chinese people fought
arduously and never gave in. Nevertheless,
China remained semi-colonial and semi-feudal.
Back then, domestic upheavals and foreign
aggression led to unprecedented social crises,
and the Chinese labor movement began to
embrace Marxism-Leninism. Under such
circumstances, the Chinese people and the
Chinese nation were undergoing a great
awakening. In 1921, the Communist Party of
China (CPC) was founded. This epoch-making
event profoundly changed the development
direction and destiny of the Chinese people,
the Chinese nation, and the international
landscape.
From the very beginning of its
establishment, the CPC took the realization of
Communism as its ultimate vision and ultimate
goal, and shouldered the responsibility of
leading the Chinese people’s struggle to
oppose imperialism and feudalism and realize
socialism. During the 100 years after its
establishment, the CPC remained true to its
founding mission—seeking happiness for the
Chinese people and rejuvenation for the
Chinese nation—and united and led the Chinese
people in a drive to realize the great
rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
Under the leadership of the CPC, the
Chinese people united and fought bloody
battles to achieve the great victory of the
New Democratic Revolution (1921-1949). During
the New Democratic Revolution period, the CPC
implemented its correct revolutionary program
by fighting at the forefront of the anti-
imperialist and anti-feudal struggle and
leading a vigorous labor movement; it defeated
the feudal warlords supported by imperialism
by cooperating with the Kuomintang (KMT); it
continued to fight against imperialism and
feudalism when Chiang Kai-shek (1887-1975) and
Wang Ching-wei (1883-1944) betrayed the
Chinese revolution and waged a bloody massacre
of Chinese Communists and progressive
individuals; it built up armed forces of the
Chinese people and established revolutionary
bases; it carried out the Agrarian Revolution
(1927-1937) and opened up the path of using
rural areas to encircle the cities and seizing
State power with military force; it initiated
the campaign to bring all forces together to
fight against Japanese aggressors when
imperialist Japan invaded China and the
Chinese nation was faced with a crisis of life
and death, and cooperated with the KMT again
in building up a united stand against the
aggressors; it led the Eighth Route Army and
the New Fourth Army, helping them to become
pivotal forces of China’s counter-Japanese
troops; it guided and helped the Chinese
people to finally win a complete victory
against foreign aggressors, which was an
unprecedented victory after 1840; it strived
for peace and democracy, hoping to establish
the People’s Republic of China (PRC) after
the War of Resistance against Japan

回顾中国共产党百年奋斗的光辉历程

Concluding Remarks
Founded in July 1921, the CPC celebrated
its 100th anniversary in July 2021. The 100-
year history of the Party can be divided into
four historical periods: the period of New
Democratic Revolution, the period of socialist
reform and construction, the period of reform
and opening-up and socialist modernization,
and the period of comprehensively deepening
reform and starting the new era of socialism
with Chinese characteristics. In different
time periods, the CPC focused respectively on
revolution, construction, reform, and growing
strong, and made remarkable achievements.
There are four main threads running
through the 100-year history of the Party: the
heroic revolutionary struggle of the Chinese
people under the leadership of the Party; the
unremitting exploration for the path of
revolution, construction, reform, and
prosperity; the theoretical development of
Marxism-Leninism after its basic principles
are applied to China’s actual situation; and
the constant effort to strengthen and improve
the selfconstruction of the Party.
In its history, the Party proposed four
paths successively: the path of democratic
revolution with Chinese characteristics, the
path of socialist reform with Chinese
characteristics, the path of developing
socialism with Chinese characteristics, and
the path of building a great modern socialist
country in all respects.
Under the guidance of the four paths, the
Party has completed four great undertakings.
First, it completed the historic task of
opposing imperialism and feudalism, and
established the PRC, initiating a new era in
the history of the Chinese nation. Second, it
completed the socialist reform and established
basic socialist systems, successfully
realizing the most profound and greatest
social reform in the history of the Chinese
nation, and it established an independent
industrial system and national economic
system, declaring a war on poverty and
backwardness. Third, it carried out reform and
openingup, realizing a long-term and rapid
development of social productive forces, and
comprehensively promoting the modernization of
socialism with Chinese characteristics.
Fourth, it initiated a new era of socialism
with Chinese characteristics by completing the
historical task of eliminating poverty and
building a moderately prosperous society in
all respects, starting a new journey toward
the goal of building a great modern socialist
country.
In the process of completing the above-
mentioned four great undertakings, the Chinese
nation, the country, and the people actualized
four historic leaps: the country realized the
great transition from a millennia-old feudal
autocracy to a people’s democracy; the
Chinese nation reversed its fate from
continuous decline to steady progress toward
prosperity and strength; socialism with
Chinese characteristics achieved a tremendous
transformation from establishment and
development to improvement; and the Chinese
people actualized the tremendous
transformation from standing up and growing
prosperous to becoming strong. The Chinese
nation, with an entirely new posture, now
stands tall and firm in the East.
Over the past 100 years, the CPC has
always remained true to its original
aspiration and founding mission, worked hard
to lay a foundation for its great cause, made
glorious achievements, and charted a course
for the future. The Party strived bravely for
the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation,
not afraid of making any sacrifice. It
conducted theoretical explorations, worked
tirelessly to benefit the people, improved
itself from the inside out, and constantly
increased its ability to lead and govern.
Given its efforts, unprecedented profound
changes have taken place in the Party, the
country, the people, the armed forces, and the
Chinese nation, bringing a bright prospect of
gre

Chinese society has experienced one
fundamental change after another over the
last 100 or so years, revolution,
construction and reform being three
important chapters in its modern and
contemporary history. During the first half
of the 20th Century, through arduous
struggles, the Chinese people overthrew the
triple oppression of imperialism, feudalism
and bureaucratcapitalism, and realized
national independence and people’s
liberation. After the founding of the
People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949,
the Chinese nation chose the socialist
system, and by doing so successfully turned
a backward agricultural country into a
preliminarily industrialized one. They then
stepped onto a road of Reform and Opening-
up, a road of building socialism with
Chinese characteristics. Today, China is
energetically pursuing a series of interior
reforms. The huge changes that are taking
place in China have caught the attention of
the world. An opening country like China
needs understanding by the rest of the
world, and so this booklet, we hope, will
facilitate your understanding of China’s
history, present situation and social
progress, and the role of the CPC.